A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
AN ACT amending rule 53 of the north carolina rules of civil procedure to allow reference in family law matters.
The General Assembly of North Carolina enacts:
SECTION 1.  G.S. 1A‑1, Rule 53 of the Rules of Civil Procedure reads as rewritten:
"Rule 53. Referees.
(a)	Kinds of reference. –
(1)	By Consent. – Any or all of the issues in an action may be referred upon the written consent of the parties except in requests to annul a marriage, requests for absolute divorce, and requests for divorce from bed and board. Upon the written consent of the parties, a court may refer issues of alimony, child custody, child support, and equitable distribution, as well as requests for attorney fees associated with those claims. A use of reference shall not relieve parties of the obligation to participate in a mediated settlement conference or other settlement procedure required pursuant to G.S. 7A‑38.4A. Issues related to child custody shall not be referred until the parties have completed mandatory child custody and visitation mediation required by G.S. 50‑13.1(b). The appointment of a referee in a child custody matter shall not impact the authority of the court to appoint a parenting coordinator pursuant to Article 5 of Chapter 50 of the General Statutes.
(2)	Compulsory. – Where the parties do not consent to a reference, the court may, upon the application of any party or on its own motion, order a reference in the following cases:
a.	Where the trial of an issue requires the examination of a long or complicated account; in which case the referee may be directed to hear and decide the whole issue, or to report upon any specific question of fact involved therein.
b.	Where the taking of an account is necessary for the information of the court before judgment, or for carrying a judgment or order into effect.
c.	Where the case involves a complicated question of boundary or requires a personal view of the premises.
d.	Where a question of fact arises outside the pleadings, upon motion or otherwise, at any stage of the action.
e.	Where the case involves an issue of alimony, child custody, child support and equitable distribution, or requests for attorney fees associated with those claims, and the court determines that the case involves a complicated issue of fact, classification, valuation, or income, and the court determines that the parties have the ability to pay the cost of the reference. Claims for annulment, absolute divorce, and divorce from bed and board shall not be submitted to reference. A use of reference shall not relieve parties of the obligation to participate in a mediated settlement conference or other settlement procedure required under G.S. 7A‑38.4A. Issues related to child custody shall not be referred until the parties have completed mandatory child custody and visitation mediation as required by G.S. 50‑13.1(b). The appointment of a referee in a child custody matter shall not impact the authority of the court to appoint a parenting coordinator pursuant to Article 5 of Chapter 50 of the General Statutes.
f.	For cases with alimony, child custody, child support, or equitable distribution as a cause of action, if the parties do not consent to a referee and sharing the referee costs, the court shall not appoint a referee unless the movant consents to pay all the referee costs.
(b)	Jury trial. –
(1)	Where the reference is by consent, the parties waive the right to have any of the issues within the scope of the reference passed on by a jury.
(2)	A compulsory reference does not deprive any party of the party's right to a trial by jury, which right the party may preserve by
a.	Objecting to the order of compulsory reference at the time it is made, and
b.	By filing specific exceptions to particular findings of fact made by the referee within 30 days after the referee files the report with the clerk of the court in which the action is pending, and
c.	By formulating appropriate issues based upon the exceptions taken and demanding a jury trial upon such issues. Such issues shall be tendered at the same time the exceptions to the referee's report are filed. If there is a trial by jury upon any issue referred, the trial shall be only upon the evidence taken before the referee.
(c)	Appointment. – The parties may agree in writing upon one or more persons not exceeding three, and a reference shall be ordered to such person or persons in appropriate cases. If the parties do not agree, the court shall appoint one or more referees, not exceeding three, but no person shall be appointed referee to whom all parties in the action object. A referee must be an attorney licensed to practice law in the State of North Carolina.
(d)	Compensation. – The compensation to be allowed a referee shall be fixed by the court and charged in the bill of costs, as provided by G.S. 7A‑305(d)(7). After appointment of a referee, the court may from time to time order advancements by one or more of the parties of sums to be applied to the referee's compensation. The advancements may be apportioned between the parties in such manner as the court sees fit. Advancements so made shall be taken into account in the final fixing of costs and the adjustments made as the court then deems proper.
(e)	Powers. – The order of reference to the referee shall direct the referee to determine all the issues in the entire action or specific issues, report issues, perform particular acts, or receive and report evidence only. The order of reference may specify or limit the referee's powers and may fix the time and place for beginning and closing the hearings and for the filing of the referee's report. Subject to the specifications and limitations stated in the order, every referee has power to administer oaths in any proceeding before the referee and has generally the power vested in a referee by law. The referee shall have the same power to grant adjournments and to allow amendments to pleadings and to the summons as the judge and upon the same terms and with like effect. The referee shall have the same power as the judge to preserve order and punish all violations thereof, to compel the attendance of witnesses before the referee by attachment, and to punish them as for contempt for nonattendance or for refusal to be sworn or to testify. The parties may procure the attendance of witnesses before the referee by the issuance and service of subpoenas as provided in Rule 45.
(f)	Proceedings. –
(1)	Meetings. – When a reference is made, the clerk shall forthwith furnish the referee with a copy of the order of reference. Upon receipt thereof unless the order of reference otherwise provides, the referee shall forthwith set a time and place for the first meeting of the parties or their attorneys to be held within 20 days after the date of the order of reference and shall notify the parties or their attorneys. It is the duty of the referee to proceed with all reasonable diligence. Any party, on notice to all other parties and the referee, may apply to the court for an order requiring the referee to expedite the proceedings and to make the report. If a party fails to appear at the time and place appointed, the referee may proceed ex parte, or, in the referee's discretion, may adjourn the proceedings to a future day, giving notice to the absent party of the adjournment. When the order of reference requires that the referee make findings of fact, the referee shall conduct a hearing in the same manner as a court trying an issue without a jury, unless the court orders otherwise with the consent of the parties.
(2)	Statement of Accounts. – When matters of accounting are in issue before the referee, the referee may prescribe the form in which the accounts shall be submitted and in any proper case may require or receive in evidence a statement by a certified public accountant or other qualified accountant who is called as a witness. Upon objection of a party to any of the items thus submitted or upon a showing that the form of statement is insufficient, the referee may require a different form of statement to be furnished, or the accounts of specific items thereof to be proved by oral examination of the accounting parties or upon written interrogatories or in such other manner as the referee directs.
(3)	Testimony to be Recorded. – The proceedings and testimony of all witnesses before the referee must be recorded and shall be filed in the cause and constitute a part of the record. A written transcript of the testimony is not required unless ordered by the court.
(g)	Report. –
(1)	Contents and Filing. – The referee shall prepare a report upon the matters submitted to the referee by the order of reference and shall include therein the referee's decision on all matters so submitted. If required to make findings of fact and conclusions of law, the referee shall set them forth separately in the report. The referee shall file the report with the clerk of the court in which the action is pending and unless otherwise directed by the order of reference, shall file with it a transcript of the testimony in the proceedings and of the evidence and the original exhibits. Before filing the report a referee may submit a draft thereof to counsel for all parties for the purpose of receiving their suggestions. The clerk shall forthwith mail to all parties notice of the filing.
(2)	Exceptions and Review. – All or any part of the report may be excepted to by any party within 30 days from the filing of the report. Thereafter, and upon 10 days' notice to the other parties, any party may apply to the judge for action on the report or the court may schedule the matter for hearing on its own motion. The judge after hearing may adopt, modify or reject the report in whole or in part, render judgment, or may remand the proceedings to the referee with instructions. No judgment may be rendered on any reference except by the judge."
SECTION 2.  This act becomes effective December 1, 2023, and applies to orders for reference entered on or after that date.