A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
AN ACT to make conforming amendments to clarify that tenancy by the entirety is preserved in this state in light of the united states supreme court decision in obergefell v. hodges, as recommended by the general statutes commission, and to make other technical, clarifying, and other similar amendments to the laws relating to property conveyed by one spouse or between spouses.
The General Assembly of North Carolina enacts:

part i. preserve tenancy by the entirety
SECTION 1.1.  G.S. 39‑13.3 reads as rewritten:
"§ 39‑13.3.  Conveyances between spouses.
(a)	A conveyance from a married grantor to that individual's spouse of real property or any interest therein owned by the grantor alone vests the property or interest in the grantee.
(b)	A conveyance of real property, or any interest therein, by a married grantor to that individual and the individual's spouse vests the property in the grantees as tenants by the entirety unless a contrary intention is expressed in the conveyance.
(c)	A conveyance from a married individual to that individual's spouse of real property, or any interest therein, held by the spouses as tenants by the entirety dissolves the tenancy in the property or interest conveyed and vests the property or interest formerly held by the entirety in the grantee.
(d)	The joinder of the spouse of the grantor in any conveyance made by a married grantor pursuant to this section is not necessary.
(e)	Any conveyance authorized by this section is subject to the provisions of G.S. 52‑10 or 52‑10.1, except that acknowledgment by the spouse of the grantor is not necessary."
SECTION 1.2.  G.S. 39‑13.6 reads as rewritten:
"§ 39‑13.6.  Control of real property held in tenancy by the entirety.
(a)	Two individuals married to each other shall have an equal right to the control, use, possession, rents, income, and profits of real property held by them in tenancy by the entirety. Neither spouse may bargain, sell, lease, mortgage, transfer, convey or in any manner encumber any property so held without the written joinder of the other spouse. This section shall not be construed to require the spouse's joinder where a different provision is made under G.S. 39‑13, G.S. 39‑13.3, G.S. 39‑13.4, or G.S. 52‑10.
(b)	Unless a contrary intention is expressed in the conveyance, a conveyance of real property, or any interest therein, to two individuals then married to each other vests title in them as tenants by the entirety when the conveyance is to:
(1)	A named individual "and wife," or
(2)	A named individual "and husband," or
(2a)	A named individual "and spouse," or
(3)	Two named individuals, whether or not identified in the conveyance as being (i) husband and wife, (ii) spouses, or (iii) married to each other, if at the time of conveyance they are legally married to each other.

(c)	For income tax purposes, each spouse is considered to have received one‑half (1/2) the income or loss from property owned by the couple as tenants by the entirety."
SECTION 1.3.  G.S. 39‑13.7 reads as rewritten:
"§ 39‑13.7.  Tenancy by the entireties trusts in real property.
(a)	Any real property held by two individuals married to each other as a tenancy by the entireties and conveyed to (i) a joint trust or (ii) in equal shares to two separate trusts; shall no longer be held by the grantors as tenants by the entirety and shall be disposed of by the terms of the trust or trusts, but, subject to the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, the real property shall have the same immunity from the claims of the separate creditors of each spouse as would exist if the spouses had continued to hold the property as tenants by the entireties.
(b)	The immunity from the claims of separate creditors provided by subsection (a) of this section shall apply as long as all of the following apply:
(1)	The two individuals remain married to each other.
(2)	The real property continues to be held in the trust or trusts as provided in subsection (a) of this section.
(3)	Both spouses are current beneficiaries of the joint trust if the real property is conveyed to that trust or of each separate trust if the real property is conveyed in equal shares to their separate trusts.
(c)	After the death of the first spouse to die, all property held in trust that was immune from the claims of their separate creditors under subsection (a) of this section immediately prior to the individual's death shall continue to have immunity from the claims of the decedent's separate creditors as would have existed if both spouses continued to hold the property conveyed in trust as tenants by the entirety.
(d)	The trustee acting under the express provisions of a trust instrument or with the written consent of both spouses may waive the immunity from the claims of separate creditors provided under this section as to any specific creditor or any specifically described property including all separate creditors of a spouse or all former tenancy by the entirety property conveyed to the trustee.
(e)	For purposes of this section:
(1)	The reference to the real property conveyed to or held in the trust shall be deemed to include the proceeds arising from the involuntary conversion of the real property.
(2)	The reference to a "joint trust" means a revocable or irrevocable trust of which both spouses are the settlors, and the reference to "separate trusts" means revocable or irrevocable trusts of which one spouse is the settlor of one trust and the other spouse is the settlor of the other trust.
(3)	The two spouses are "beneficiaries" of a trust if they are distributees or permissible distributees of the income or principal of the trust whether or not other persons are also current or future beneficiaries of the trust."
SECTION 1.4.  G.S. 41‑2 reads as rewritten:
"§ 41‑2.  Survivorship in joint tenancy defined; proviso as to partnership; unequal ownership interests.
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(b)	The interests of the grantees holding property in joint tenancy with right of survivorship shall be deemed to be equal unless otherwise specified in the conveyance. Any joint tenancy interest held by two individuals then married to each other, unless otherwise specified, shall be deemed to be held by them as a single tenancy by the entirety, which shall be treated as a single party when determining interests in the joint tenancy with right of survivorship. Joint tenancy interests among two or more joint tenants holding property in joint tenancy with right of survivorship are subject to the provisions of G.S. 28A‑24‑3 upon the death of one or more of the joint tenants.
This subsection shall apply to any conveyance of an interest in property created at any time that explicitly sought to create unequal ownership interests in a joint tenancy with right of survivorship. Distributions made prior to the enactment of this subsection that were made in equal amounts from a joint tenancy with the right of survivorship that sought to create unequal ownership shares shall remain valid and shall not be subject to modification on the basis of this subsection."
SECTION 1.5.  G.S. 41‑2.5 reads as rewritten:
"§ 41‑2.5.  Tenancy by the entirety in mobile homes.
(a)	When two individuals then married to each other become co‑owners of a mobile home, in the absence of anything to the contrary appearing in the instrument of title, they become tenants by the entirety with all the incidents of an estate by the entirety in real property, including the right of survivorship in the case of death of either.
(b)	For the purpose of this section it shall be immaterial whether the property at any particular time shall be classified for any purpose as either real or personal. The provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall not limit or prohibit any other type of ownership otherwise authorized by law.
(c)	For purposes of this section "mobile home" means a portable manufactured housing unit designed for transportation on its own chassis and placement on a temporary or semipermanent foundation having a measurement of over 32 feet in length and over eight feet in width. As used in this section, "mobile home" also means a double‑wide mobile home which is two or more portable manufactured housing units designed for transportation on their own chassis, which connect on site for placement on a temporary or semipermanent foundation having a measurement of over 32 feet in length and over eight feet in width.
(d)	This section does not repeal or modify any provisions of the law relating to estate or inheritance taxes."

part ii. other amendments to the laws on conveyances of real property between spouses and conveyances by spouses to other parties
SECTION 2.1.  G.S. 29‑30 reads as rewritten:
"§ 29‑30.  Election of surviving spouse to take life interest in lieu of intestate share provided.
(a)	Except as provided in this subsection, in lieu of the intestate share provided in G.S. 29‑14 or G.S. 29‑21, or of the elective share provided in G.S. 30‑3.1, the surviving spouse of an intestate or the surviving spouse who has petitioned for an elective share shall be entitled to take as the surviving spouse's intestate share or elective share a life estate in one third in value of all the real estate of which the deceased spouse was seised and possessed of an estate of inheritance at any time during coverture. The following exceptions apply if the surviving spouse:
(1)	Has waived the surviving spouse's rights by joining with the other spouse in a conveyance thereof.
(1a)	Has waived the right to take a life estate in lieu of an intestate or elective share by an express written waiver thereof.
(2)	Has waived, released, or conveyed the surviving spouse's interest therein in accordance with G.S. 52‑10.
(3)	Was not required by law to join in conveyance thereof in order to bar the elective life estate.
(3a)	Has executed a written declaration permitting the deceased spouse to convey or encumber the property without the consent or joinder of the surviving spouse.
(4)	Is otherwise not legally entitled to the election provided in this section.
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(c)	The election provided for in subsection (a) shall be made by (i) the filing of a petition in accordance with Article 2 of Chapter 28A of the General Statutes with the clerk of the superior court of the county in which the administration of the estate is pending, or (ii) if no administration is pending, then with the clerk of the superior court of any county in which the administration of the estate could be commenced, together with the recording of a notice indicating the county and file number of the clerk's filing with the register of deeds in every county where real property to be claimed under the filing is located. The election shall be made prior to the shorter of the following applicable periods:
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(g)	Neither the household furnishings in the dwelling house nor the life estates taken by election under this section shall be subject to the payment of debts due from the estate of the deceased spouse, except those debts secured by such property as follows:
(1)	By a mortgage or deed of trust in which the surviving spouse has waived the surviving spouse's rights by joining with the other spouse in the making thereof.
(2)	By a mortgage or deed of trust given by the deceased spouse to secure a loan, the proceeds of which were used to pay all or a portion of the purchase price of the encumbered real property, regardless of whether the secured party is the seller of the real property or a third‑party lender, or by a conditional sales contract of personal property in which title is retained by the vendor, made prior to or during the marriage.
(3)	By a mortgage or deed of trust made prior to the marriage.
(4)	By a mortgage or deed of trust constituting a lien on the property at the time of its acquisition by the deceased spouse either before or during the marriage.
(5)	By a mortgage or deed of trust on property with respect to which the elective life estate provided for in this section does not apply as provided in subsection (a) of this section.
…."
SECTION 2.2.  The title of Article 2 of Chapter 39 of the General Statutes reads as rewritten:
"Article 2.
"Conveyances by Married Individuals."
SECTION 2.3.  G.S. 39‑7 reads as rewritten:
"§ 39‑7.  Instruments affecting married individual's title; joinder of spouse; exceptions.
(a)	In order to waive a spouse's elective life estate as provided for in G.S. 29‑30, every conveyance, waiver, release, or other instrument affecting the estate, right or title of any married individual in lands, tenements or hereditaments must be executed by the spouse, and due proof or acknowledgment thereof must be made and certified as provided by law.
(b)	A married individual may bargain, sell, lease, mortgage, transfer and convey any of his or her separate real estate without joinder or other waiver by his or her spouse if the spouse is incompetent and a guardian or trustee has been appointed as provided by the laws of North Carolina, and if the appropriate instrument is executed by the married individual and the guardian or trustee of the incompetent spouse and is probated and registered in accordance with law, it shall convey all the estate and interest as therein intended of the married individual in the land conveyed, free and exempt from the elective life estate as provided in G.S. 29‑30 and all other interests of the incompetent spouse.
(c)	Subsection (a) shall not be construed to require the spouse's joinder or other waiver of the elective life estate of the spouse as provided for in G.S. 29‑30 where a different provision is made or provided for in the General Statutes including, but not limited to, G.S. 39‑13, 39‑13.3, 39‑13.4, 31A‑1(d), and 52‑10."
SECTION 2.4.  G.S. 39‑8 reads as rewritten:
"§ 39‑8.  Acknowledgment at different times and places; before different officers; order immaterial.
In all cases of deeds, or other instruments executed by two individuals married to each other and requiring registration, the proof or acknowledgment of the instruments as to one spouse and due proof or acknowledgment of the other spouse may be taken before different officers authorized by law to take the probate of deeds, and at different times and places, whether either or both of the officials reside in this State or in another state or country. And in taking the probate of the instruments executed by two individuals married to each other, it is immaterial whether the execution of the instrument was proven as to or acknowledged by one spouse before or after due proof as to or acknowledgment of the other spouse."
SECTION 2.5.  G.S. 39‑9 reads as rewritten:
"§ 39‑9.  Absence of one spouse's acknowledgment does not affect deed as to the other spouse.
When an instrument purports to be signed by two individuals married to each other, the instrument may be ordered registered if the acknowledgment of one spouse is duly taken, but no such instrument shall be the act or deed of the other spouse unless proven or acknowledged by that individual according to law."
SECTION 2.6.  G.S. 39‑13 reads as rewritten:
"§ 39‑13.  Spouse need not join in purchase‑money mortgage.
A mortgage or deed of trust given by the purchaser of real property to secure a loan, the proceeds of which were used to pay all or a portion of the purchase price of the encumbered real property, regardless of whether the secured party is the seller of the real property or a third‑party lender, shall be good and effectual against the purchaser's spouse as well as the purchaser, without requiring the spouse to join in the execution of the mortgage or deed of trust."
SECTION 2.7.  G.S. 39‑13.2 reads as rewritten:
"§ 39‑13.2.  Married individuals under 18 made competent as to certain transactions; certain transactions validated.
(a)	Any married individual under 18 years of age is authorized and empowered and shall have the same privileges as are conferred upon married individuals 18 years of age or older to do any of the following:
(1)	Waive, release or renounce by deed or other written instrument any right or interest which he or she may have in the real or personal property, tangible or intangible, of the other spouse.
(2)	Jointly execute with his or her spouse, if the spouse is 18 years of age or older, any note, contract of insurance, deed, deed of trust, mortgage, lien of whatever nature or other instrument with respect to real or personal property, tangible or intangible, held with the other spouse either as tenants by the entirety, joint tenants, tenants in common, or in any other manner.
(b)	Any transaction pursuant to this section between two individuals married to each other shall be subject to the provisions of G.S. 52‑10 or 52‑10.1 whenever applicable.
…."
SECTION 2.8.  G.S. 39‑13.4 reads as rewritten:
"§ 39‑13.4.  Conveyances by spouses under deed of separation, separation agreement, or property settlement.
Any conveyance of real property, or any interest therein, by a spouse who previously executed a valid and lawful deed of separation, separation agreement, or property settlement that authorizes the conveying spouse to convey real property or any interest therein without the consent and joinder of the other spouse and which deed of separation, separation agreement, or property settlement, or a memorandum of the deed of separation, separation agreement, or property settlement setting forth the authorization is recorded in the county where the land lies, shall be valid to pass such title as the conveying spouse may have to the grantee and shall pass the title free and clear of all rights in the property and free and clear of the interest in property that the other spouse has, had, or might acquire solely as a result of the marriage, including any rights arising under G.S. 29‑30, unless an instrument in writing canceling the deed of separation, separation agreement, or property settlement or memorandum thereof and properly executed and acknowledged by both spouses is recorded in the office of the register of deeds of that county. The instrument that is registered under this section to authorize the conveyance of an interest in real property or the cancellation of the deed of  separation, separation agreement, or property settlement or memorandum thereof shall comply with the provisions of G.S. 52‑10 or 52‑10.1.
All conveyances of any interest in real property by a spouse who had previously executed a valid and lawful deed of separation, separation agreement, or property settlement that authorized the parties thereto to convey real property or any interest therein without the consent and joinder of the other, when the deed of separation, separation agreement, or property settlement, or a memorandum of the deed of separation, separation agreement, or property settlement, setting forth the authorization, had been previously recorded in the county where the property is located, and when the conveyances were executed before October 1, 1981, shall be valid to pass such title as the conveying spouse may have to the grantee, and shall pass the title to the grantee free and clear of the rights in the property and free and clear of the interest in the property that the other spouse has, had, or might acquire solely as a result of the marriage, including any rights arising under G.S. 29‑30, unless an instrument in writing canceling the deed of separation, separation agreement, property settlement, or memorandum thereof, properly executed and acknowledged by both spouses, is recorded in the office of the register of deeds of that county. The instrument which is registered under this section to authorize the conveyance of an interest in real property or the cancellation of the deed of separation, separation agreement, property settlement, or memorandum thereof shall comply with G.S. 52‑10 or 52‑10.1."
SECTION 2.9.  G.S. 39‑13.5 reads as rewritten:
"§ 39‑13.5.  Creation of tenancy by entirety in partition of real property.
When a married individual owns an undivided interest in real property as a tenant in common with some person or persons other than his or her spouse and there occurs an actual partition of the property, a tenancy by the entirety may be created in the married individual who owned the undivided interest and his or her spouse in one of the following manners:
(1)	In a division by cross‑deed or deeds, between or among the tenants in common provided that the intent of the tenant in common to create a tenancy by the entirety with the tenant's spouse in this exchange of deeds must be clearly stated in the granting clause of the deed or deeds to the tenant and the tenant's spouse, and further provided that the deed or deeds to the tenant in common and the tenant's spouse is signed by the tenant in common and is acknowledged before a certifying officer in accordance with G.S. 52‑10.
(2)	In a judicial proceeding for partition. In such a proceeding, both spouses have the right to become parties to the proceeding and to have their pleadings state that the intent of the tenant in common is to create a tenancy by the entirety with the tenant's spouse. The order of partition shall provide that the real property assigned to the tenant and the tenant's spouse shall be owned by them as tenants by the entirety."
SECTION 2.10.  G.S. 39‑13.7, as amended by Section 1.3 of this act, is amended by adding two new subsections to read:
"(f)	Notice that the real property held in trust receives immunity from the claims of separate creditors may be given in a statement in the conveyance of the tenancy by the entireties real property to the trust that the real property is held under this section and that as of the date of the conveyance, the requirements of subsection (b) of this section are met.
(g)	A person entering into a transaction involving real property held in trust under this section may request confirmation from the trustee whether the requirements of this section providing immunity from the claims of separate creditors are met at the time of the transaction."
SECTION 2.11.  G.S. 41‑10 reads as rewritten:
"§ 41‑10.  Titles quieted.
An action may be brought by any person against another who  claims an estate or interest in real property adverse to the person who brought the action for the purpose of determining the adverse claims; and by any individual against that individual's spouse or alleged spouse who have not lived together as a married couple within the two years preceding, and who at the death of the plaintiff might have or claim to have an interest in the plaintiff's estate, and a decree for the plaintiff shall debar all claims of the defendant in the property of the plaintiff then owned or afterwards acquired: Provided, that no such relief shall be granted against such a spouse or alleged spouse, unless the summons in the action is personally served on the defendant.
If the defendant in the action disclaims in the defendant's answer any interest or estate in the property, or suffers judgment to be taken against the defendant without answer, the plaintiff cannot recover costs. In any case in which judgment has been or will be docketed, whether the judgment is in favor of or against the individual bringing the action, or is claimed by the individual, or affects real estate claimed by the individual, or whether the judgment is in favor of or against the individual against whom the action may be brought, or is claimed by that individual, or affects real estate claimed by that individual, the lien of the judgment shall be such claim of an estate or interest in real estate as is contemplated by this section."
SECTION 2.12.  G.S. 52‑10 reads as rewritten:
"§ 52‑10.  Contracts between spouses generally; releases.
(a)	Contracts between two individuals married to each other not inconsistent with public policy are valid, and any individuals of full age about to be married and married individuals may, with or without a valuable consideration, waive, release, or convey rights which they might respectively acquire or may have acquired by marriage in the property of each other; and the waivers, releases, or conveyances may be pleaded in bar of any action or proceeding for the recovery of the rights and estate so waived, released, or conveyed. No contract, waiver, release, or conveyance between two individuals married to each other made during their coverture shall be valid to affect or change any part of the real estate of either spouse, or the accruing income thereof for a longer time than three years next ensuing the making of the contract, waiver, release, or conveyance, unless it is in writing and is acknowledged by both parties before a certifying officer.
(a1)	A contract between two individuals married to each other made, with or without a valuable consideration, during a period of separation to waive, release, or establish rights and obligations to post separation support, alimony, or spousal support is valid and not inconsistent with public policy. A provision waiving, releasing, or establishing rights and obligations to post separation support, alimony, or spousal support shall remain valid following a period of reconciliation and subsequent separation, if the contract satisfies all of the following requirements:
(1)	The contract is in writing.
(2)	The provision waiving the rights or obligations is clearly stated in the contract.
(3)	The contract was acknowledged by both parties before a certifying officer.
A release made pursuant to this subsection may be pleaded in bar of any action or proceeding for the recovery of the rights released.
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(c)	This section shall not apply to any judgment of the superior court or other State court of competent jurisdiction, which, by reason of its being consented to by two individuals married to each other, or their attorneys, may be construed to constitute a contract or release between the two spouses."
SECTION 2.13.  G.S. 52‑10.1 reads as rewritten:
"§ 52‑10.1.  Separation agreements. 
Any married couple is hereby authorized to execute a separation agreement not inconsistent with public policy which shall be legal, valid, and binding in all respects; provided, that the separation agreement must be in writing and acknowledged by both parties before a certifying officer as defined in G.S. 52‑10(b). Such certifying officer must not be a party to the contract. This section shall not apply to any judgment of the superior court or other State court of competent jurisdiction, which, by reason of its being consented to by two individuals married to each other, or their attorneys, may be construed to constitute a separation agreement between the two spouses."

part iii.  Effective date and applicability
SECTION 3.1.  This act is intended to reflect rights established by federal law that became effective in this State on October 10, 2014, by application of General Synod of the United Church of Christ v. Resinger, 12 F.Supp.3d 790 (W.D. N.C., Oct. 10, 2014).
SECTION 3.2.  This act is effective when it becomes law and applies to conveyances made on or after October 10, 2014.