A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
AN ACT to (1) EXTEND THE DURATION OF PERMITS FOR SANITARY LANDFILLS AND TRANSFER STATIONS TO THIRTY YEARS; (2) MODIFY THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES' AUTHORITY TO ISSUE AND TRANSFER PERMITS FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES; (3) MODIFY CERTAIN REQUIREMENTS GOVERNING SANITARY LANDFILLS, INCLUDING APPLICABLE BUFFERS, CLEANING AND INSPECTION OF LEACHATE COLLECTION LINES, ALTERNATIVE DAILY COVER, AND required STUDies for certain landfill owners and operators; (4) MODIFY REQUIREMENTS FOR FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY APPLICABLE TO APPLICANTS AND PERMIT HOLDERS FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES; (5) AMEND the RULE GOVERNING COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT OF SOLID WASTE TO REQUIRE THAT CONTAINERS BE "LEAK‑RESISTANT" RATHER THAN "LEAK‑PROOF," AND AMEND A STATUTE THAT REQUIRES VEHICLES TO BE CONSTRUCTED AND LOADED TO PREVENT LEAKAGE; (6) AMEND the definition of LEACHATE TO exclude LIQUID ADHERING TO TIRES OF VEHICLES LEAVING SANITARY LANDFILLS AND TRANSFER STATIONS; (7) authorize CITIES AND COUNTIES THAT ACCEPT SOLID WASTE FROM OTHER LOCAL GOVERNMENTS TO LEVY A SURCHARGE ON FEES FOR USE OF THEIR DISPOSAL FACILITIES, AND authorize them TO MAKE APPROPRIATIONS FROM A UTILITY OR PUBLIC SERVICE ENTERPRISE FUND USED FOR OPERATION OF A LANDFILL TO THE JURISDICTION'S GENERAL FUND UPON CERTAIN FINDINGS; (8) REQUIRE the RETURN OF a portion of the REIMBURSEMENTS PAID OUT PURSUANT TO S.L. 2007‑543 in certain circumstances; AND (9) make related clarifying, conforming, and technical changes.
Whereas, the provision of effectively managed solid waste services is of vital importance to North Carolina's economy and environment; and
Whereas, previous changes to the statutes and rules of the State that govern solid waste matters have significantly and negatively impacted the ability of providers of solid waste disposal services to site landfills within the State, have raised the cost of waste disposal for the State's citizens, and have put North Carolina at a competitive disadvantage in the recruitment of industry; Now, therefore,
The General Assembly of North Carolina enacts:

PART I. EXTENSION OF DURATION OF PERMITS FOR SANITARY LANDFILLS AND TRANSFER STATIONS TO THIRTY YEARS AND CONFORMING CHANGES
SECTION 1.(a)  G.S. 130A‑294 is amended by adding two new subsections to read:
"(a2)	Permits for sanitary landfills and transfer stations shall be issued for up to 30 years unless revoked as otherwise provided under this Article or upon the expiration of any local government franchise required for the facility pursuant to subsection (b1) of this section. Permits issued pursuant to this subsection shall take into account the duration of any permits previously issued for the facility.
(a3)	Each permit for a sanitary landfill and transfer station shall have a limited review of the permit five years after issuance of the initial permit and at five‑year intervals thereafter until expiration of the permit. The limited review includes review of the operations plan, closure plan, post‑closure plan, financial assurance cost estimates, environmental monitoring plans, and any other applicable plans for the facility."
SECTION 1.(b)  No later than July 1, 2014, the Commission for Public Health shall adopt rules to allow applicants for permits for sanitary landfills to apply for a permit for a phase of landfill development up to 30 years. No later than July 1, 2014, the Commission shall also adopt rules to allow applicants for permits for transfer stations to apply for a permit with a 30‑year duration to construct and operate a transfer station.
SECTION 1.(c)  G.S. 130A‑295.8 reads as rewritten:
"§ 130A‑295.8.  Fees applicable to permits for solid waste management facilities.
(a)	The Solid Waste Management Account is established as a nonreverting account within the Department. All fees collected under this section shall be credited to the Account and shall be used to support the solid waste management program established pursuant to G.S. 130A‑294.
(b)	As used in this section:
(1)	"New permit" means any of the following:
a.	An application for a permit for a solid waste management facility that has not been previously permitted by the Department. The term includes one site suitability review, the initial permit to construct, and one permit to operate.
b.	An application that proposes to expand the boundary of a permitted waste management facility for the purpose of expanding the permitted activity.
c.	An application that includes a proposed expansion to the boundary of a waste disposal unit within a permitted solid waste management facility.
d.	An application for a substantial amendment to a solid waste permit, as defined in G.S. 130A‑294. (2)	"Permit amendment" means any of the following:
	b.	An application for the five‑year renewal of a permit for a permitted solid waste management facility or for a permit review of a permitted solid waste management facility. This sub‑subdivision shall not apply to sanitary landfills or transfer stations.c.	Any application that proposes a change in ownership or corporate structure of a permitted solid waste management facility. This sub‑subdivision shall not apply to sanitary landfills or transfer stations.(3)	"Permit modification" means an application for a five‑year limited review of a permit issued pursuant to G.S. 130A‑294(a2), including review of the operations plan, closure plan, post‑closure plan, financial assurance cost estimates, environmental monitoring plans, and any other applicable plans for the facility.		(4)	"Major permit modification" means any of the following:
a.	An application for any change to the approved engineering plans for a sanitary landfill or transfer station permitted for up to a 30‑year design capacity that does not constitute a "new permit" or "permit modification."
b.	An application for a permit to be issued pursuant to G.S. 130A‑294(a2), which is issued for a duration of less than 30 years based upon permits previously issued to a facility.
c.	An application for a subsequent permit with a term of up to 30 years for a sanitary landfill or transfer station.
(5)	"Ownership modification" means any application that proposes a change in ownership or corporate structure of a permitted sanitary landfill or transfer station.
(c)	An applicant for a permit shall pay an application fee to the Department. For applications for facilities set forth in subdivisions (1) through (20) and (25) through (27), fifty percent (50%) of the applicable fee shall be paid upon submission of the application, twenty‑five percent (25%) shall be paid at 10 years after issuance of the permit, and twenty‑five percent (25%) shall be paid at 20 years after issuance of the permit. For applications for facilities set forth in subdivisions (22) through (24) and (28) through (36), the applicable fee shall be paid upon submission of an application. As of July 1, 2014, the base fees for permits for sanitary landfills and transfer stations with a 30‑year duration are applicable according to the following schedule:
(1)	Municipal Solid Waste Landfill accepting less than 100,000 tons/year of solid waste, New Permit – $25,000.
(2)	Municipal Solid Waste Landfill accepting less than 100,000 tons/year of solid waste, Major Modification – $15,000.
	(4)	Municipal Solid Waste Landfill accepting 100,000 tons/year or more but less than 250,000 tons/year of solid waste, New Permit – $50,000.
(5)	Municipal Solid Waste Landfill accepting 100,000 tons/year or more but less than 250,000 tons/year of solid waste, Major Modification – $30,000.
	(6a)	Municipal Solid Waste Landfill accepting 250,000 tons/year or more of solid waste, New Permit – $75,000.
(6b)	Municipal Solid Waste Landfill accepting 250,000 tons/year or more of solid waste, Major Modification – $55,000.
(7)	Construction and Demolition Landfill accepting less than 25,000 tons/year of solid waste, New Permit – $15,000.
(8)	Construction and Demolition Landfill accepting less than 25,000 tons/year of solid waste, Major Modification – $9,000.
	(10)	Construction and Demolition Landfill accepting 25,000 tons/year or more of solid waste, New Permit – $30,000.
(11)	Construction and Demolition Landfill accepting 25,000 tons/year or more of solid waste, Major Modification – $18,500.
	(13)	Industrial Landfill accepting less than 100,000 tons/year of solid waste, New Permit – $15,000.
(14)	Industrial Landfill accepting less than 100,000 tons/year of solid waste, Major Modification – $9,000.
	(16)	Industrial Landfill accepting 100,000 tons/year or more of solid waste, New Permit – $30,000.
(17)	Industrial Landfill accepting 100,000 tons/year or more of solid waste, Major Modification – $18,500.
	(19)	Tire Monofill, New Permit – $15,000.
(20)	Tire Monofill, Major Modification – $9,000.
	(22)	Treatment and Processing, New Permit – $1,750.
(23)	Treatment and Processing, Amendment – $1,250.
(24)	Treatment and Processing, Modification – $500.
(25)	Transfer Station accepting less than 25,000 tons/year of solid waste, New Permit – $2,500.
(25a)	Transfer Station accepting less than 25,000 tons/year of solid waste, Major Modification – $1,500.
(25b)	Transfer Station accepting 25,000 tons/year or more of solid waste, New Permit – $5,000.
(25c)	Transfer Station accepting 25,000 tons/year or more of solid waste, Major Modification – $3,000.
		(28)	Incinerator, New Permit – $1,750.
(29)	Incinerator, Amendment – $1,250.
(30)	Incinerator, Modification – $500.
(31)	Large Compost Facility, New Permit – $1,750.
(32)	Large Compost Facility, Amendment – $1,250.
(33)	Large Compost Facility, Modification – $500.
(34)	Land Clearing and Inert, New Permit – $1,000.
(35)	Land Clearing and Inert, Amendment – $500.
(36)	Land Clearing and Inert, Modification – $250.
(37)	Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, Ownership Modification – $5,000.
(38)	Construction and Demolition Waste Landfill, Ownership Modification – $3,000.
(39)	Industrial Landfill, Ownership Modification – $2,000.
(40)	Tire Monofill, Ownership Modification – $2,000.
(41)	Transfer Station, Ownership Modification – $1,000.
(c1)	After July 1, 2014, facilities for which permits are issued for a period of less than 30 years, based on the duration of all design and operation permits previously issued for the facility, shall pay a proportional amount of the base fee as set forth in subsection (c) of this section, prorated in accordance with the duration of the permit issued after that date. For facilities subject to this subdivision that submit applications for a permit to be issued pursuant to G.S. 130A‑294(a2) for facilities set forth in subdivisions (1) through (20) and (25) through (27) of subsection (c) of this section, the applicable fee shall be paid as follows: (i) fifty percent (50%) of the applicable fee shall be paid upon submission of the application; (ii) twenty‑five percent (25%) shall be paid five years after issuance of the permit; and (iii) twenty‑five percent (25%) shall be paid at 10 years after issuance of the permit. If the permit issued is for less than 15 years, based on the duration of all design and operation permits previously issued for the facility, the fee shall be paid at other periodic intervals as the Department may require. For applications for facilities set forth in subdivisions (22) through (24) and (28) through (36), the applicable fee shall be paid upon submission of an application. The Department shall adopt rules to implement this subsection.
(d)	A permitted solid waste management facility shall pay an annual permit fee on or before August 1 of each year according to the following schedule:
(1)	Municipal Solid Waste Landfill accepting less than 100,000 tons/year of solid waste – $7,500.
(1a)	Municipal Solid Waste Landfill accepting 100,000 tons/year or more but less than 250,000 tons/year of solid waste – $12,000.
(1b)	Municipal Solid Waste Landfill accepting 250,000 tons/year or more of solid waste – $15,000.
(2)	Post‑Closure Municipal Solid Waste Landfill – $1,000.
(3)	Construction and Demolition Landfill accepting less than 25,000 tons/year of solid waste – $5,500.
(3a)	Construction and Demolition Landfill accepting 25,000 tons/year or more of solid waste – $8,500.
(4)	Post‑Closure Construction and Demolition Landfill – $500.
(5)	Industrial  Landfill accepting less than 100,000 tons/year of solid waste – $5,500.(5a)	Industrial Landfill accepting 100,000 tons/year or more of solid waste – $10,000.
(6)	Post‑Closure Industrial Landfill – $500.
(7)	Transfer Station accepting less than 25,000 tons/year of solid waste – $750.
(7a)	Transfer Station accepting 25,000 tons/year or more of solid waste – $1,500.
(8)	Treatment and Processing Facility – $500.
(9)	Tire Monofill  $5,500.
(10)	Incinerator – $500.
(11)	Large Compost Facility – $500.
(12)	Land Clearing and Inert Debris Landfill – $500.
…."
SECTION 1.(d)  G.S. 130A‑295.3 reads as rewritten:
"§ 130A‑295.3.  Environmental compliance review requirements for applicants and permit holders.
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(b)	The Department shall conduct an environmental compliance review of each applicant for a new permit and permit amendment under this Article. The environmental compliance review shall evaluate the environmental compliance history of the applicant for a period of five years prior to the date of the application and may cover a longer period at the discretion of the Department. The environmental compliance review of an applicant may include consideration of the environmental compliance history of the parents, subsidiaries, or other affiliates of an applicant or parent that is a business entity, including any business entity or joint venturer with a direct or indirect interest in the applicant, and other facilities owned or operated by any of them. The Department shall determine the scope of the review of the environmental compliance history of the applicant, parents, subsidiaries, or other affiliates of the applicant or parent, including any business entity or joint venturer with a direct or indirect interest in the applicant, and of other facilities owned or operated by any of them. An applicant for a permit shall provide environmental compliance history information for each facility, business entity, joint venture, or other undertaking in which any of the persons listed in this subsection is or has been an owner, operator, officer, director, manager, member, or partner, or in which any of the persons listed in this subsection has had a direct or indirect interest as requested by the Department.
…."
SECTION 1.(e)  Section 15.1 of S.L. 2012‑187 is repealed.
SECTION 1.(f)  If House Bill 135, 2013 Regular Session, becomes law, it is repealed when it becomes law.
SECTION 1.(g)  If Senate Bill 380, 2013 Regular Session, becomes law, it is repealed when it becomes law.
SECTION 1.(h)  This section becomes effective August 1, 2013, except that G.S. 130A‑294(a2), as enacted by Section 1(a) of this act, and G.S. 130A‑295.8, as amended by Section 1(c) of this act, apply to (i) existing sanitary landfills and transfer stations, with a valid permit issued before the date this act becomes effective, when that permit is next subject to renewal after July 1, 2014, and (ii) new sanitary landfills and transfer stations, for applications submitted on or after July 1, 2014.

PART II. MISCELLANEOUS MODIFICATIONS TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES' AUTHORITY TO ISSUE AND TRANSFER PERMITS FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES AND CONFORMING CHANGES
SECTION 2.  G.S. 130A‑294 reads as rewritten:
"§ 130A‑294.  Solid waste management program.
(a)	The Department is authorized and directed to engage in research, conduct investigations and surveys, make inspections and establish a statewide solid waste management program. In establishing a program, the Department shall have authority to:
…
(4)	a.	Develop a permit system governing the establishment and operation of solid waste management facilities. A landfill with a disposal area of 1/2 acre or less for the on‑site disposal of land clearing and inert debris is exempt from the permit requirement of this section and shall be governed by G.S. 130A‑301.1. Demolition debris from the decommissioning of manufacturing buildings, including electric generating stations, that is disposed of on the same site as the decommissioned buildings, is exempt from the permit requirement of this section and rules adopted pursuant to this section and shall be governed by G.S. 130A‑301.3. The Department shall not approve an application for a new permit, major modification, or a substantial amendment to a permit for a sanitary landfill, excluding demolition landfills as defined in the rules of the Commission, except as provided in subdivisions (3) and (4) of subsection (b1) of this section. No permit shall be granted for a solid waste management facility having discharges that are point sources until the Department has referred the complete plans and specifications to the Environmental Management Commission and has received advice in writing that the plans and specifications are approved in accordance with the provisions of G.S. 143‑215.1. If the applicant is a unit of local government, and has not submitted a solid waste management plan that has been approved by the Department pursuant to G.S. 130A‑309.09A(b), the Department may deny a permit for a sanitary landfill or a facility that disposes of solid waste incineration, unless the Commission has not adopted rules pursuant to G.S. 130A‑309.29 for local solid waste management plans. In any case where the Department denies a permit for a solid waste management facility, it shall state in writing the reason for denial and shall also state its estimate of the changes in the applicant's proposed activities or plans that will be required for the applicant to obtain a permit.
b.	Repealed by Session Laws 2007‑550, s. 1(a), effective August 1, 2007.
c.	The Department shall deny an application for a permit for a solid waste management facility if the Department finds that:
1.	Construction or operation of the proposed facility would violate this Article or rules adopted by the Commission pursuant to this Article.
2.	Construction or operation of the proposed facility would result in a violation of water quality standards adopted by the Environmental Management Commission pursuant to G.S. 143‑214.1 for waters, as defined in G.S. 143‑213.
	4.	Construction or operation of the proposed facility would substantially limit access to public trust waters or public lands.
5.	The proposed facility would be located in a landslide hazard area, or an area subject to storm surge or excessive seismic activity, such that the facility will present a significant risk to public health or safety.
		8.	Construction or operation of the proposed facility would violate the State solid waste management policy and goals as set out in G.S. 130A‑309.04 and with the State solid waste management plan developed as provided in G.S. 130A‑309.07.
9.	The cumulative impact of the proposed facility, when considered in relation to other similar impacts of facilities located or proposed in the community, would have a disproportionate adverse impact on a minority or low‑income community protected by Title VI of the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964. This subdivision shall apply only to the extent required by federal law.
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(a1)	A permit for a solid waste management facility may be transferred upon 30 days' written notice to the Department to include such information as the Department may reasonably require to complete the Department's review pursuant to subsection (b2) of this section, G.S. 130A‑295.2, and G.S. 130A‑295.3, and with the approval of the Department.
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(b1)	(1)	For purposes of this subsection and subdivision (4) of subsection (a) of this section, a "substantial amendment" means either:
a.	An increase of ten percent (10%) or more in:
1.	The population of the geographic area to be served by the sanitary landfill;
2.	The quantity of solid waste to be disposed of in the sanitary landfill; or
3.	The geographic area to be served by the sanitary landfill.
b.	A change in the categories of solid waste to be disposed of in the sanitary landfill.
(2)	A person who intends to apply for a new permit, major modification, or a substantial amendment to a permit for a sanitary landfill shall obtain, prior to applying for a permit, a franchise for the operation of the sanitary landfill from each local government then having jurisdiction over any part of the land on which the sanitary landfill and its appurtenances are located or to be located. A local government may adopt a franchise ordinance under G.S. 153A‑136 or G.S. 160A‑319. A franchise granted for a sanitary landfill shall include all of the following:
a.	A statement of the population to be served, including a description of the geographic area.
b.	A description of the volume and characteristics of the waste stream.
c.	A projection of the useful life of the sanitary landfill.
d.	An explanation of how the franchise will be consistent with the jurisdiction's solid waste management plan required under G.S. 130A‑309.09A, including provisions for waste reduction, reuse, and recycling.
e.	The procedures to be followed for governmental oversight and regulation of the fees and rates to be charged by facilities subject to the franchise for waste generated in the jurisdiction of the franchising entity.
f.	A facility plan for the sanitary landfill that shall include the boundaries of the proposed facility, proposed development of the facility site in five‑year operational phases, the boundaries of all waste disposal units, final elevations and capacity of all waste disposal units, the amount of waste to be received per day in tons, the total waste disposal capacity of the sanitary landfill in tons, a description of environmental controls, and a description of any other waste management activities to be conducted at the facility. In addition, the facility plan shall show the proposed location of soil borrow areas, leachate facilities, and all other facilities and infrastructure, including ingress and egress to the facility.
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(4)	An applicant for a new permit, major modification, or a substantial amendment to a permit for a sanitary landfill shall request each local government having jurisdiction over any part of the land on which the sanitary landfill and its appurtenances are located or to be located to issue a determination as to whether the local government has in effect a franchise, zoning, subdivision, or land‑use planning ordinance applicable to the sanitary landfill and whether the proposed sanitary landfill, or the existing sanitary landfill as it would be operated under the substantially amended permit, would be consistent with the applicable ordinances. The request to the local government shall be accompanied by a copy of the permit application and shall be delivered to the clerk of the local government personally or by certified mail. In order to serve as a basis for a determination that an application for a new permit, major modification, or a substantial amendment to a permit for a sanitary landfill is consistent with a zoning, subdivision, or land‑use planning ordinance, an ordinance or zoning classification applicable to the real property designated in the permit application shall have been in effect not less than 90 days prior to the date the request for a determination of consistency is delivered to the clerk of the local government. The determination shall be verified or supported by affidavit signed by the chief administrative officer, the chief administrative officer's designee, clerk, or other official designated by the local government to make the determination and, if the local government states that the sanitary landfill as it would be operated under the new, majorly modified, or substantially amended permit is inconsistent with a franchise, zoning, subdivision, or land‑use planning ordinance, shall include a copy of the ordinance and the specific reasons for the determination of inconsistency. A copy of the determination shall be provided to the applicant when the determination is submitted to the Department. The Department shall not act upon an application for a permit under this section until it has received a determination from each local government requested to make a determination by the applicant; provided that if a local government fails to submit a determination to the Department as provided by this subsection within 15 days after receipt of the request, the Department shall proceed to consider the permit application without regard to a franchise, local zoning, subdivision, and land‑use planning ordinances. Unless the local government makes a subsequent determination of consistency with all ordinances cited in the determination or the sanitary landfill as it would be operated under the new or substantially amended permit is determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to be consistent with the cited ordinances, the Department shall attach as a condition of the permit a requirement that the applicant, prior to construction or operation of the sanitary landfill under the permit, comply with all lawfully adopted local ordinances cited in the determination that apply to the sanitary landfill. This subsection shall not be construed to affect the validity of any lawfully adopted franchise, local zoning, subdivision, or land‑use planning ordinance or to affect the responsibility of any person to comply with any lawfully adopted franchise, local zoning, subdivision, or land‑use planning ordinance. This subsection shall not be construed to limit any opportunity a local government may have to comment on a permit application under any other law or rule. This subsection shall not apply to any facility with respect to which local ordinances are subject to review under either G.S. 104E‑6.2 or G.S. 130A‑293.
(5)	As used in this subdivision, "coal‑fired generating unit" and "investor‑owned public utility" have the same meaning as in G.S. 143‑215.107D(a). Notwithstanding subdivisions (a)(4), (b1)(3), or (b1)(4) of this section, no franchise shall be required for a sanitary landfill used only to dispose of waste generated by a coal‑fired generating unit that is owned or operated by an investor‑owned utility subject to the requirements of G.S. 143‑215.107D.
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PART III. MODIFICATIONS TO CERTAIN REQUIREMENTS GOVERNING SANITARY LANDFILLS INCLUDING APPLICABLE BUFFERS, CLEANING AND INSPECTION OF LEACHATE COLLECTION LINES, ALTERNATIVE DAILY COVER, AND REQUIRED STUDIES FOR CERTAIN LANDFILL OWNERS AND OPERATORS
SECTION 3.(a)  G.S. 130A‑295.6 reads as rewritten:
"§ 130A‑295.6. Additional requirements for sanitary landfills.
(a)	The applicant for a proposed sanitary landfill shall contract with a qualified third party, approved by the Department, to conduct a study of the environmental impacts of any proposed sanitary landfill, in conjunction with its application for a new permit as defined in sub‑subdivisions a. through d. of subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of G.S. 130A‑295.8. The study shall meet all of the requirements set forth in G.S. 113A‑4 and rules adopted pursuant to G.S. 113A‑4. If an environmental impact statement is required, the Department shall publish notice of the draft environmental impact statement and shall hold a public hearing in the county where the landfill will be located no sooner than 30 days following the public notice. The Department shall consider the study of environmental impacts and any mitigation measures proposed by the applicant in deciding whether to issue or deny a permit. An applicant for a permit for a sanitary landfill shall pay all costs incurred by the Department to comply with the public notice and public hearing requirements of this subsection.
(b)	The Department shall require a buffer between any stream with continuous flow and the nearest waste disposal unit of a sanitary landfill of at least 200 feet. The Department may approve a buffer of less than 200 feet, if it finds all of the following:
(1)	The proposed sanitary landfill or expansion of the sanitary landfill will serve a critical need in the community.
(2)	There is no feasible alternative location that would allow siting or expansion of the sanitary landfill with 200‑foot buffers.
(c)	A waste disposal unit of a sanitary landfill shall not be constructed within:
(1)	A 100‑year floodplain, as shown on the current floodplain maps prepared pursuant to the National Flood Insurance Program, except as authorized by variance granted under G.S. 143‑215.54A(b).
(2)	A wetland, unless the applicant or permit holder can show all of the following, as to the waste disposal unit:
a.	Where applicable under section 404 of the federal Clean Water Act or applicable State wetlands laws, the presumption that a practicable alternative to the proposed waste disposal unit is available which does not involve wetlands is clearly rebutted;
b.	Construction of the waste disposal unit will not do any of the following:
1.	Cause or contribute to violations of any applicable State water quality standard.
2.	Violate any applicable toxic effluent standard or prohibition under section 307 of the federal Clean Water Act.
3.	Jeopardize the continued existence of endangered or threatened species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of a critical habitat, protected under the federal Endangered Species Act of 1973.
4.	Violate any requirement under the federal Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972.
c.	Construction of the waste disposal unit will not cause or contribute to significant degradation of wetlands.
d.	To the extent required under section 404 of the federal Clean Water Act or applicable State wetlands laws, any unavoidable wetlands impacts will be mitigated.
(d)	The Department shall not issue a permit to construct any disposal unit of a sanitary landfill if, at the earlier of (i) the acquisition by the applicant or permit holder of the land or of an option to purchase the land on which the waste disposal unit will be located, (ii) the application by the applicant or permit holder for a franchise agreement, or (iii) at the time of the application for a permit, any portion of the proposed waste disposal unit would be located within:
			(4)	One thousand five hundred feet of the outermost boundary of a national or State park or other component of the State Parks System, segment of the Natural and Scenic Rivers System, National Wildlife Refuge, critical fisheries habitat designated by the Marine Fisheries' Commission, or Outstanding Resource Waters designated by the Environmental Management Commission.
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(h)	The following requirements apply to any sanitary landfill for which a liner is required:
(1)	A geomembrane base liner system shall be tested for leaks and damage by methods approved by the Department that ensure that the entire liner is evaluated.
(2)	A leachate collection system shall be designed to return the head of the liner to 30 centimeters or less within 72 hours. The design shall be based on the precipitation that would fall on an empty cell of the sanitary landfill as a result of a 25‑year‑24‑hour storm event. The leachate collection system shall maintain a head of less than 30 centimeters at all times during leachate recirculation. The Department may require the operator to monitor the head of the liner to demonstrate that the head is being maintained in accordance with this subdivision and any applicable rules.
(3)	All leachate collection lines shall be designed and constructed to permanently allow cleaning and remote camera inspection. Remote camera inspections of the leachate collection lines shall occur upon completion of the construction and at least once every five years. Cleaning of leachate collection lines found necessary for proper functioning and to address buildup of leachate over the liner shall occur.
(4)	Any pipes used to transmit leachate shall provide dual containment outside of the disposal unit. The bottom liner of a sanitary landfill shall be constructed without pipe penetrations.
(h1)	With respect to requirements for daily cover at sanitary landfills, once the Department has approved use of an alternative method of daily cover for use at any sanitary landfill, that alternative method of daily cover shall be approved for use at all sanitary landfills located within the State.
(h2)	Studies and research and development pertaining to alternative disposal techniques and waste‑to‑energy matters shall be conducted by certain sanitary landfills as follows:
(1)	The owner or operator of any sanitary landfill permitted to receive more than 240,000 tons of waste per year shall research the development of alternative disposal technologies. In addition, the owner or operator shall allow access to nonproprietary information and provide site resources for individual research and development projects related to alternative disposal techniques for the purpose of studies that may be conducted by local community or State colleges and universities or other third‑party developers or consultants. The owner or operator shall report on research and development activities conducted pursuant to this subdivision, and any results of these activities, to the Department annually on or before July 1.
(2)	The owner or operator of any sanitary landfill permitted to receive more than 240,000 tons of waste per year shall perform a feasibility study of landfill gas‑to‑energy, or other waste‑to‑energy technology, to determine opportunities for production of renewable energy from landfills in order to promote economic development and job creation in the State. The owner or operator shall initiate the study when sufficient waste is in place at the landfill to produce gas, as determined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Landfill Gas Emissions Model (LandGEM), and may consult and coordinate with other entities to facilitate conduct of the study, including local and State government agencies, economic development organizations, consultants, and third‑party developers. The study shall specifically examine opportunities for returning a portion of the benefits derived from energy produced from the landfill to the jurisdiction within which the landfill is located in the form of direct supply of energy to the local government and its citizens, or through revenue sharing with the local government from sale of the energy, with revenues owing to the local government credited to a fund specifically designated for economic development within the jurisdiction. The owner or operator shall report on its activities associated with the study, and any results of the study, to the Department annually on or before July 1.
(i)	The Department shall not issue a permit for a sanitary landfill that authorizes:
(1)	A capacity of more than 55 million cubic yards of waste.
(2)	A disposal area of more than 350 acres.
(3)	A maximum height, including the cap and cover vegetation, of more than 250 feet above the mean natural elevation of the disposal area.
(j)	This section does not apply to landfills for the disposal of land clearing and inert debris or to Type I or Type II compost facilities."
SECTION 3.(b)  S.L. 2013‑25 is repealed. 
SECTION 3.(c)  This section becomes effective August 1, 2013, except that (i) the repeal of G.S. 130A‑295.6(d)(2), as enacted by Section 3(a) of this act, applies retroactively to applications for permits submitted on or after January 1, 2013; (ii) G.S. 130A‑295.6(h2), as enacted by Section 3(a) of this act, applies to new landfills for which a permit is issued on or after August 1, 2013; and (iii) to the extent that G.S. 130A‑295.6, as amended by Section 3(a) of this act, imposes requirements that are more stringent than those in effect prior to August 1, 2007, the more stringent requirements do not apply to:
(1)	An amendment, modification, or other change to a permit for a landfill issued on or before June 1, 2006.
(2)	A permit for a horizontal or vertical expansion of the landfill permitted on or before June 1, 2006.
(3)	A permit to construct a new landfill within the facility boundary identified in the facility plan of a landfill permitted on or before June 1, 2006.
(4)	A permit to operate a new landfill if a permit to construct the new landfill was issued on or before June 1, 2006.
(5)	A permit for a sanitary landfill used only to dispose of waste generated by a coal‑fired generating unit that is owned or operated by an investor‑owned utility subject to the requirements of G.S. 143‑215.107D.
(6)	A permit for a sanitary landfill determined to be necessary by the Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources in order to respond to an imminent hazard to public health or a natural disaster.

PART IV. MODIFICATIONS TO REQUIREMENTS FOR FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY APPLICABLE TO APPLICANTS AND PERMIT HOLDERS FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES
SECTION 4.  G.S. 130A‑295.2 reads as rewritten:
"§ 130A‑295.2. Financial responsibility requirements for applicants and permit holders for solid waste management facilities.
…
(h)	To meet the financial assurance requirements of this section, the owner or operator of a sanitary landfill shall establish financial assurance sufficient to cover the costs of potential assessment and corrective action at the facility. The Department may require financial assurance in a higher amount and may increase the amount of financial assurance required of a permit holder at any time based upon the types of waste disposed in the landfill, the projected amount of waste to be disposed in the landfill, the location of the landfill, potential receptors of releases from the landfill, and inflation. The financial assurance requirements of this subsection are in addition to the other financial responsibility requirements set out in this section.
…
(j)	In addition to the other methods by which financial assurance may be established as set forth in subsection (f) of this section, the Department may allow the owner or operator of a sanitary landfill permitted on or before August 1, 2009, to meet the financial assurance requirement set forth in subsection (h) of this section by establishing a trust fund which conforms to the following minimum requirements:
(1)	The trustee shall be an entity which has the authority to act as a trustee and whose trust operations are regulated and examined by a State or federal agency.
(2)	A copy of the trust agreement shall be placed in the facility's operating record.
(3)	Payments into the trust fund shall be made annually by the owner or operator over a period not to exceed five years. This period is referred to as the pay‑in period.
(4)	Payments into the fund shall be made in equal annual installments in amounts calculated by dividing the current cost estimate for potential assessment and corrective action at the facility by the number of years in the pay‑in period.
(5)	The trust fund may be terminated by the owner or operator only if the owner or operator establishes financial assurance by another method or combination of methods allowed under subsection (f) of this section.
(6)	The trust agreement shall be accompanied by a formal certification of acknowledgement."

PART V. AMEND THE RULE GOVERNING COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT OF SOLID WASTE TO REQUIRE THAT CONTAINERS BE "LEAK‑RESISTANT" RATHER THAN "LEAK‑PROOF," AND AMEND A STATUTE THAT REQUIRES VEHICLES TO BE CONSTRUCTED AND LOADED TO PREVENT LEAKAGE 
SECTION 5.(a)  Definitions. – "Collection and Transport Rule" means 15A NCAC 13B .0105 (Collection and Transportation of Solid Waste) for purposes of this section and its implementation.
SECTION 5.(b)  Collection and Transport Rule. – Until the effective date of the revised permanent rule that the Commission for Public Health is required to adopt pursuant to Section 5(d) of this act, the Commission and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources shall implement the Collection and Transport Rule, as provided in Section 5(c) of this act.
SECTION 5.(c)  Implementation. – Notwithstanding any provision of the Collection and Transport Rule, the Commission shall not require vehicles or containers used for the collection and transportation of solid waste to be leak‑proof; however, they may require that these containers be designed and maintained to be leak‑resistant in accordance with industry standards.
SECTION 5.(d)  Additional Rule‑Making Authority. – The Commission shall adopt a rule to replace the Collection and Transport Rule. Notwithstanding G.S. 150B‑19(4), the rule adopted by the Commission pursuant to this section shall be substantively identical to the provisions of Section 5(c) of this act. Rules adopted pursuant to this section are not subject to G.S. 150B‑21.9 through G.S. 150B‑21.14. The rule adopted pursuant to this section shall become effective, as provided in G.S. 150B‑21.3(b1), as though 10 or more written objections had been received, as provided by G.S. 150B‑21.3(b2).
SECTION 5.(e)  Effective Date. – Section 5(c) of this act expires when permanent rules to replace Section 5(c) of this act have become effective, as provided by Section 5(d) of this act.
SECTION 5.(f)  G.S. 20‑116(g)(1) reads as rewritten:
"§ 20‑116.  Size of vehicles and loads.
…
(g)	(1)	No vehicle shall be driven or moved on any highway unless the vehicle is constructed and loaded to prevent any of its load from falling, blowing, dropping, sifting, leaking, or otherwise escaping therefrom, and the vehicle shall not contain any holes, cracks, or openings through which any of its load may escape. However, sand may be dropped for the purpose of securing traction, or water or other substance may be sprinkled, dumped, or spread on a roadway in cleaning or maintaining the roadway. For purposes of this subsection, the terms "load" and "leaking" do not include water accumulated from precipitation."

PART VI. AMEND THE DEFINITION OF "LEACHATE" TO EXCLUDE LIQUID ADHERING TO TIRES OF VEHICLES LEAVING SANITARY LANDFILLS AND TRANSFER STATIONS
SECTION 6.(a)  G.S. 130A‑290 is amended by adding a new subdivision to read:
"(16a)	"Leachate" means a liquid that has passed through or emerged from solid waste and contains soluble, suspended, or miscible materials removed from such waste. The term "leachate" does not include liquid adhering to tires of vehicles leaving a sanitary landfill and transfer stations."

PART VII. AUTHORIZE CITIES AND COUNTIES THAT ACCEPT SOLID WASTE FROM OTHER LOCAL GOVERNMENTS TO LEVY A SURCHARGE ON FEES FOR USE OF THEIR DISPOSAL FACILITIES, AND TO MAKE APPROPRIATIONS FROM A UTILITY OR PUBLIC SERVICE ENTERPRISE FUND USED FOR OPERATION OF A LANDFILL TO THE JURISDICTION'S GENERAL FUND UPON CERTAIN FINDINGS
SECTION 7.(a)  G.S. 153A‑292(b) reads as rewritten:
"(b)	The board of county commissioners may impose a fee for the collection of solid waste. The fee may not exceed the costs of collection.
The board of county commissioners may impose a fee for the use of a disposal facility provided by the county. Except as provided in this subsection, the fee for use may not exceed the cost of operating the facility. The fee may exceed those costs if the county enters into a contract with another county or city to accept the other entity's solid waste and the county by ordinance levies a surcharge on the fee which may be used for any purpose for which the county may appropriate funds. A fee under this paragraph may be imposed only on those who use the facility. The fee for use may vary based on the amount, characteristics, and form of recyclable materials present in solid waste brought to the facility for disposal. A county may not impose a fee for the use of a disposal facility on a city located in the county or a contractor or resident of the city unless the fee is based on a schedule that applies uniformly throughout the county.
The board of county commissioners may impose a fee for the availability of a disposal facility provided by the county. A fee for availability may not exceed the cost of providing the facility and may be imposed on all improved property in the county that benefits from the availability of the facility. A county may not impose an availability fee on property whose solid waste is collected by a county, a city, or a private contractor for a fee if the fee imposed by a county, a city, or a private contractor for the collection of solid waste includes a charge for the availability and use of a disposal facility provided by the county. Property served by a private contractor who disposes of solid waste collected from the property in a disposal facility provided by a private contractor that provides the same services as those provided by the county disposal facility is not considered to benefit from a disposal facility provided by the county and is not subject to a fee imposed by the county for the availability of a disposal facility provided by the county. To the extent that the services provided by the county disposal facility differ from the services provided by the disposal facility provided by a private contractor in the same county, the county may charge an availability fee to cover the costs of the additional services provided by the county disposal facility.
In determining the costs of providing and operating a disposal facility, a county may consider solid waste management costs incidental to a county's handling and disposal of solid waste at its disposal facility, including the costs of the methods of solid waste management specified in G.S. 130A‑309.04(a) of the Solid Waste Management Act of 1989. A fee for the availability or use of a disposal facility may be based on the combined costs of the different disposal facilities provided by the county."
SECTION 7.(b)  G.S. 159‑13(b)(14) reads as rewritten:
"(b)	The following directions and limitations shall bind the governing board in adopting the budget ordinance:
…
(14)	No appropriation may be made from a utility or public service enterprise fund to any other fund than the appropriate debt service fund unless the total of all other appropriations in the fund equal or exceed the amount that will be required during the fiscal year, as shown by the budget ordinance, to meet operating expenses, capital outlay, and debt service on outstanding utility or enterprise bonds or notes. A county may, upon a finding that a fund balance in a utility or public service enterprise fund used for operation of a landfill exceeds the requirements for funding the operation of that fund, including closure and post‑closure expenditures, transfer excess funds to be used to support the other services supported by the county's general fund."
SECTION 7.(c)  G.S. 160A‑314.1 reads as rewritten:
"§ 160A‑314.1.  Availability fees for solid waste disposal facilities; collection of any solid waste fees.
(a)	A city may impose a fee for the collection of solid waste. The fee may not exceed the costs of collection.
A city may impose a fee for the use of a disposal facility provided by the city. Except as provided in this subsection, the fee for use may not exceed the cost of operating the facility. The fee may exceed those costs if the city enters into a contract with another county or city to accept the other entity's solid waste and the city by ordinance levies a surcharge on the fee which may be used for any purpose for which the city may appropriate funds. A fee under this paragraph may be imposed only on those who use the facility. The fee for use may vary based on the amount, characteristics, and form of recyclable materials present in solid waste brought to the facility for disposal.
(a1)	In addition to a fee that a city may impose for collecting solid waste or for using a disposal facility, a city may impose a fee for the availability of a disposal facility provided by the city. A fee for availability may not exceed the cost of providing the facility and may be imposed on all improved property in the city that benefits from the availability of the facility. A city may not impose an availability fee on property whose solid waste is collected by a county, a city, or a private contractor for a fee if the fee imposed by a county, a city, or a private contractor for the collection of solid waste includes a charge for the availability and use of a disposal facility provided by the city. Property served by a private contractor who disposes of solid waste collected from the property in a disposal facility provided by a private contractor that provides the same services as those provided by the city disposal facility is not considered to benefit from a disposal facility provided by the city and is not subject to a fee imposed by the city for the availability of a disposal facility provided by the city. To the extent that the services provided by the city disposal facility differ from the services provided by the disposal facility provided by a private contractor in the same city, the city may charge an availability fee to cover the costs of the additional services provided by the city disposal facility.
In determining the  costs of providing and operating a disposal facility, a city may consider solid waste management costs incidental to a city's handling and disposal of solid waste at its disposal facility. A fee for the availability or use of a disposal facility may be based on the combined costs of the different disposal facilities provided by the city.
(b)	A city may adopt an ordinance providing that any fee imposed under subsection (a) or under G.S. 160A‑314 for collecting or disposing of solid waste may be billed with property taxes, may be payable in the same manner as property taxes, and, in the case of nonpayment, may be collected in any manner by which delinquent personal or real property taxes can be collected. If an ordinance states that delinquent fees can be collected in the same manner as delinquent real property taxes, the fees are a lien on the real property described on the bill that includes the fee."
SECTION 7.(d)  G.S. 160A‑314(a2) reads as rewritten:
"§ 160A‑314.  Authority to fix and enforce rates.
(a2)	A fee for the use of a disposal facility provided by the city may vary based on the amount, characteristics, and form of recyclable materials present in solid waste brought to the facility for disposal. This section does not prohibit a city from providing aid to low‑income persons to pay all or part of the cost of solid waste management services for those persons. A city may, upon a finding that a fund balance in a utility or public service enterprise fund used for operation of a landfill exceeds the requirements for funding the operation of that fund, including closure and post‑closure expenditures, transfer excess funds to be used to support the other services supported by the city's general fund."
SECTION 7.(e)  G.S. 130A‑294(b1) is amended by adding a new subdivision to read:
"(2b)	A local government may elect to include as part of a franchise agreement a surcharge on waste disposed of in its jurisdiction by other local governments located within the State."
SECTION 7.(f)  This section becomes effective August 1, 2013, and Section 7(e) is applicable to franchise agreements executed on or after that date.

PART VIII. RETURN OF REIMBURSEMENTS/S.L. 2007‑543
SECTION 8.  Applicants for a permit for a sanitary landfill who received funds as reimbursement in accordance with subsections (a) through (g) of Section 3 of S.L. 2007‑543 shall repay eighty percent (80%) of the funds received as reimbursement to the Secretary of Revenue before a permit may be issued to construct a sanitary landfill on the property, or part thereof, which was the subject of a permit application for which funds were received as reimbursement in accordance with subsections (a) through (g) of Section 3 of S.L. 2007‑543. Any funds received by the Secretary pursuant to this Section shall be credited or distributed as set forth in G.S. 105‑187.63.

PART IX. SEVERABILITY AND EFFECTIVE DATE
SECTION 9.(a)  If any section or provision of this act is declared unconstitutional or invalid by the courts, it does not affect the validity of this act as a whole or any part other than the part so declared to be unconstitutional or invalid.
SECTION 9.(b)  Except as otherwise provided, this act is effective when it becomes law.