A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
AN ACT to require that a dna sample be taken from any person arrested for committing certain offenses, to amend the statutes that provide for a dna sample upon conviction, and to provide funding for the dna database and databank.
Whereas, DNA databases are important tools in criminal investigations, in the exclusion of individuals who are the subject of criminal investigations or prosecutions, and in detecting recidivist acts; and
Whereas, it is the policy of this State to assist federal, state, and local criminal justice and law enforcement agencies in the identification and detection of individuals in criminal investigations and the identification and location of missing and unidentified persons; and
Whereas, it is in the best interests of the citizens of this State to establish a statewide DNA database containing DNA samples submitted by persons arrested for certain criminal offenses; and
Whereas, a statewide DNA database that includes DNA records and samples necessary for the identification of missing persons and unidentified human remains, including DNA samples voluntarily contributed by relatives of missing persons, will assist in bringing closure to families who have family members missing and may also be an important tool in criminal investigations; Now, therefore,
The General Assembly of North Carolina enacts:
SECTION 1.  This act shall be known and may be cited as "The DNA Database Act of 2010."
SECTION 2.  Article 13 of Chapter 15A of the General Statutes is amended by adding a new section to read:
"§ 15A‑266.3A.  DNA upon arrest.
(a)	Unless a DNA sample has previously been obtained by lawful process and the DNA record stored in the State DNA Database, and that record and sample have not been expunged pursuant to any provision of law, a DNA sample shall be obtained from any person who is arrested for committing an offense described in subsection (d) or (e) of this section for DNA analysis and testing.
(b)	The State shall obtain a DNA sample from an arrested person at the time of arrest, or when fingerprinted pursuant to the booking procedure, which DNA sample shall be forwarded to the appropriate laboratory for DNA analysis and testing.
(1)	The DNA sample taken from the arrested person shall be by cheek swab or by any other method than by a blood sample, unless a court order authorizes that a DNA blood sample be obtained.
(2)	If a DNA blood sample is taken, it shall comply with the requirements of G.S. 15A‑266.6(b).
(3)	If the person is arrested without a warrant, then the DNA sample shall not be taken until a determination has been made, pursuant to G.S. 15A‑511(c)(1),  that there is probable cause to believe that a crime has been committed and that the person arrested committed it.
(c)	The DNA record of identification characteristics resulting from the DNA testing and the DNA sample itself shall be stored and maintained by the SBI in the State DNA Databank pursuant to this Article.
(d)	This section shall apply to a person arrested for violating any one of the following offenses in Chapter 14 of the General Statutes:
(1)	G.S. 14‑17. First and Second Degree Murder.
(2)	G.S. 14‑18. Manslaughter.
(3)	Any offense in Article 7A,  Rape and Other Sex Offenses.
(4)	Any offense in Article 10, Kidnapping and Abduction, or Article 10A, Human Trafficking.
(5)	G.S. 14-51, First and second degree burglary; G.S. 14-53, Breaking out of dwelling house burglary; G.S. 14-54.1, Breaking or entering a place of religious worship; and G.S. 14-57, Burglary with explosives.
(6)	Any offense which would require the person to register under the provisions of Article 27A of Chapter 14 of the General Statutes, Sex Offender and Public Protection Registration Programs.
(7)	G.S. 14‑196.3, Cyberstalking.
(8)	G.S. 14‑277.3A, Stalking.
(e)	This section shall also apply to a person arrested for attempting to commit, solicitation of another to commit, conspiracy to commit, or aiding and abetting another to commit, any of the violations included in subsection (d) of this section.
(f)	The State Bureau of Investigation shall remove a person's DNA record, and destroy any DNA biological samples that may have been retained from the State DNA Database and DNA Databank within the time period specified in subsection (i) of this section, if all of the following conditions are met:
(1)	As to the charge, or all charges, upon which a DNA sample is required under this section, a court or the State has taken action resulting in any one of the following:
a.	The charge has been dismissed. If the dismissal is in writing pursuant to G.S. 15A‑931(a), the form used by the District Attorney or designee to enter the dismissal shall reflect whether the defendant had provided a DNA sample pursuant to this section. If the dismissal is entered in open court, then the District Attorney or designee shall indicate whether the defendant had provided a DNA sample pursuant to this section.
b.	The person has been acquitted of the charge. Upon the acquittal of the charge, the prosecutor shall indicate in open court whether the defendant had provided a DNA sample pursuant to this section, and the clerk shall so indicate in the case file.
c.	No charge was filed within the applicable time period.
(2)	The State has determined that the person's DNA record is not required to be in the State DNA Database under some other provision of law, or is not required to be in the State DNA Database based upon an offense from a different transaction or occurrence from the one which was the basis for the person's arrest.
(3)	The State has verified that the requirements of subdivision (1) and subdivision (2) of this subsection have been met. If so, the State shall so indicate these facts on a form promulgated by the Administrative Office of the Courts, obtain the signature of a judge or the District Attorney on the form, and then transmit the form to the SBI. If the defendant qualifies for an expunction, then the State shall transmit the completed verification form to the SBI no later than 30 days following the occurrence of the qualifying circumstance in subdivision (1) of this subsection. The State shall include the last known address of the defendant, as reflected in the court files, on the verification form.
(g)	The State shall notify the defendant, no later than 30 days from the qualifying circumstance in subdivision (1) of subsection (f) of this section, whether or not the defendant's DNA record and sample qualifies for expunction. If the defendant's DNA record and sample qualify for expunction, then the State shall include the date that the verification form was transmitted to the SBI in the notification. A notification sent by mail to the last known address of the defendant, as reflected in the court files, shall satisfy the requirements of this subsection. The defendant may seek judicial review of any determination by the State that the DNA record or sample do not qualify for expunction under this section.
(h)	Notwithstanding subsection (f) of this section, the SBI is not required to destroy or remove an item of physical evidence obtained from a sample if evidence relating to another person would thereby be destroyed.
(i)	Upon receipt of the verification form, the SBI shall have 30 days to expunge the DNA record and sample and to mail a letter documenting the expunction to the person who provided the DNA sample at the address specified in the verification form.
(j)	If the State or the SBI are unable to meet the processing times for expunction as required under this section, the State or SBI shall seek a judicial order granting such additional time to complete the DNA expunction as the court deems appropriate, but the court shall not extend the statutory periods for expunction for more than 30 days. In any matter based upon a database match of the defendant's DNA sample which occurs after the expiration of the time that had been allowed for expunction of the defendant's DNA sample, a court shall determine whether any database matches to the defendant's DNA sample that occur after the statutory periods prescribed for expunction, or following the expiration of any court‑granted extension of the statutory periods, should result in the invalidation of any identification, warrant, probable cause to arrest, or arrest based upon a database match. Any identification, warrant, probable cause to arrest, or arrest based upon a database match shall be valid unless ruled otherwise by a final court decision.
(k)	The SBI shall adopt procedures to comply with this section.
(l)	A DNA record and sample shall not be expunged under this section if the defendant is either found guilty of, or pleads guilty or nolo contendere to, a lesser‑included offense of the charge upon which the DNA sample was based; except that a DNA record and sample shall be expunged under this section if the defendant is either found guilty of, or pleads guilty or nolo contendere to, a misdemeanor not included in subsection (d) or (e) of this section. Nothing in this Article shall be construed as prohibiting either the collection of a DNA sample or the retention of a DNA record or sample in the State DNA Database and DNA Databank as a condition of a plea bargain."
SECTION 2.1.  G.S. 15A‑931(a) reads as rewritten:
"§ 15A‑931.  Voluntary dismissal of criminal charges by the State.
(a)	Except as provided in G.S. 20‑138.4, the prosecutor may dismiss any charges stated in a criminal pleading including those deferred for prosecution by entering an oral dismissal in open court before or during the trial, or by filing a written dismissal with the clerk at any time. If the dismissal is in writing, the prosecutor shall indicate on the form whether the defendant had submitted a DNA sample pursuant to G.S. 15A‑266.3A. If the dismissal is entered in open court, then the prosecutor shall also indicate whether the defendant had submitted a DNA sample pursuant to G.S. 15A‑266.3A. The clerk must record the dismissal entered by the prosecutor and note in the case file whether a jury has been impaneled or evidence has been introduced, as well as indicate whether the defendant had submitted a DNA sample pursuant to G.S. 15A‑266.3A."
SECTION 3.  G.S. 15A‑266.2(4) reads as rewritten:
"(4)	"DNA Sample" in this Article means a  sample of blood, saliva, hair, body tissue, or biological material that is appropriate for DNA testing or analysis and that is submitted to the SBI Laboratory pursuant to this Article."
SECTION 4.  G.S. 15A‑266.4(a) reads as rewritten:
"(a)	Unless a DNA sample has previously been obtained by lawful process and a record stored in the State DNADatabase, and that record and sample have not been expunged pursuant to any provision of law, a person:
(1)	Who is convicted of any of the crimes listed in subsection (b) of this section or who is found not guilty of any of these crimes by reason of insanity and committed to a mental health facility in accordance with G.S. 15A‑1321, shall provide a DNA sample upon intake to jail, prison, or the mental health facility. In addition, every person convicted of any of these crimes, but who is not sentenced to a term of confinement, shall provide a DNA sample as a condition of the sentence.
(2)	Who has been convicted and incarcerated as a result of a conviction of one or more of the crimes listed in subsection (b) of this section, or who was found not guilty of any of these crimes by reason of insanity and committed to a mental health facility in accordance with G.S. 15A‑1321, shall provide a DNA sample before parole or release from the penal system or before release from the mental health facility. This subdivision is retroactive and applies to (i) any person convicted of any of these offenses, regardless of the date of the conviction, or (ii) any person acquitted of any of these offenses by reason of insanity.
(b)	Crimes covered by this Article include all of the following:
(1)	All felonies.
	(3)	Former G.S. 14‑277.3 – Stalking.
	.
(5)	All offenses described in G.S. 15A‑266.3A."
SECTION 5.  G.S. 15A‑266.5 reads as rewritten:
"§ 15A‑266.5.  Tests to be performed on DNA sample.
(a)	The tests to be performed on each DNA sample are:
(1)	To analyze and type the genetic markers contained in or derived from the DNA.
(2)	For law enforcement identification purposes.
(3)	For research and administrative purposes, including:
a.	Development of a population database when personal identifying information is removed.
b.	To support identification research and protocol development of forensic DNA analysis methods.
c.	For quality control purposes.
d.	To assist in the recovery or identification of human remains from mass disasters or for other humanitarian purposes, including identification of missing persons.
(b)	The DNA record of identification characteristics resulting from the DNA testing shall be stored and maintained by the SBI in the State DNA Database. The DNA sample itself will be stored and maintained by the SBI in the State DNA Databank.
(c)	The SBI shall report annually to the Joint Legislative Commission on Governmental Operations and to the Joint Legislative Corrections, Crime Control and Juvenile Justice Oversight Committee, on or before February 1, with information for the previous calendar year, which shall include:  a summary of the operations and expenditures relating to the DNA Database and DNA Databank; the number of DNA records from arrestees entered; the number of DNA records from arrestees that have been expunged; and the number of DNA arrestee matches or hits that occurred with an unknown sample, and how many of those have led to an arrest and conviction; and how many letters notifying defendants that a record and sample have been expunged, along with the number of days it took to complete the expunction and notification process, from the date of the receipt of the verification form from the State."SECTION 6.  G.S. 15A‑266.6 reads as rewritten:
"§ 15A‑266.6.  Procedures for DNA analysis.
(a)	Each DNA sample provided pursuant to G.S. 15A‑266.4 from persons who are incarcerated shall be obtained at the place of incarceration. DNA  samples from persons who are not sentenced to a term of confinement shall be obtained immediately following sentencing. The sentencing court shall order any person not sentenced to a term of confinement, who has not previously provided a DNA sample pursuant to any provision of law requiring a sample and whose DNA record and sample have not been expunged pursuant to law,  to report immediately following sentencing to the location designated by the sheriff. If the sample cannot be taken immediately, the sheriff shall inform the court of the date, time, and location at which the sample shall be taken, and the court shall enter that date, time, and location into its order. A copy of the court order indicating the date, time, and location the person is to appear to have a sample taken shall be given to the sheriff. If a person not sentenced to a term of confinement fails to appear immediately following sentencing or at the date, time, and location designated in the court order, the sheriff shall inform the court of the failure to appear and the court may issue an order to show cause pursuant to G.S. 5A‑15 and may issue an order for arrest pursuant to G.S. 5A‑16. The defendant shall continue to be subject to the court's order to provide a DNA sample until such time as his or her DNA sample is analyzed and a record is successfully entered into the State DNA Database.
(b)	If, for any reason, the defendant provides a DNA blood sample instead of by some other method, only a correctional health nurse technician, physician, registered professional nurse, licensed practical nurse, laboratory technician, phlebotomist, or other health care worker with phlebotomy training shall draw the DNA blood sample to be submitted for analysis. No civil liability shall attach to any person authorized to draw blood by this section as a result of drawing blood from any person if the blood was drawn according to recognized medical procedures. No person shall be relieved from liability for negligence in obtaining a DNA sample by any method.
(c)	The SBI shall provide to the sheriff the materials and supplies necessary to obtain a DNA sample from a person not sentenced to a term of confinement. Any DNA sample drawn from a person not sentenced to a term of confinement shall be taken using the materials and supplies provided by the SBI."
SECTION 7.  G.S. 15A‑266.7 reads as rewritten:
"§ 15A‑266.7.  Procedures for conducting DNA analysis of DNA sample.

(a)	The SBI shall:
(1)	Adopt rules governing the procedures to be used in the submission, identification, analysis, and storage of DNA samples and typing results of DNA samples submitted under this Article. These procedures shall also include quality assurance guidelines to insure that DNA identification records meet audit standards for laboratories which submit DNA records to the State DNA Database.
(2)	Adopt Quality Assurance Guidelines for DNA Testing Laboratories and DNA Databasing Laboratories that meet or exceed the quality assurance guidelines established for such laboratories by the CODIS unit of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
(b)	DNA samples shall be securely stored in the State DNA Databank. The typing results shall be securely stored in the State DNA Database.
(c)	Records of testing shall be retained on file at the SBI."
SECTION 8.  G.S. 15A‑266.8 reads as rewritten:
"§ 15A‑266.8.  DNA database exchange.
(a)	It shall be the duty of the SBI to receive DNA samples, to store, to analyze or to contract out the DNA typing analysis to a qualified DNA laboratory that meets the guidelines as established by the SBI, classify, and file the DNA record of identification characteristic profiles of DNA samples submitted pursuant to this Article and to make such information available as provided in this section. The SBI may contract out DNA typing analysis to a qualified DNA laboratory that meets guidelines as established by the SBI. The results of the DNA profile of individuals in the State Database shall be made available to local, State, or federal law enforcement agencies, approved crime laboratories which serve these agencies, or the district attorney's office upon written or electronic request and in furtherance of an official investigation of a criminal offense. These records shall also be available upon receipt of a valid court order directing the SBI to release these results to appropriate parties not listed above, when the court order is signed by a superior court judge after a hearing. The SBI shall maintain a file of such court orders.
(b)	The SBI shall adopt rules governing the methods of obtaining information from the State Database and CODIS and procedures for verification of the identity and authority of the requester.
(c)	The SBI shall create a separate population database comprised of DNA samples obtained under this Article, after all personal identification is removed. Nothing shall prohibit the SBI from sharing or disseminating population databases with other law enforcement agencies, crime laboratories that serve them, or other third parties the SBI deems necessary to assist the SBI with statistical analysis of the SBI's population databases. The population database may be made available to and searched by other agencies participating in the CODIS system."
SECTION 9.  Article 23 of Chapter 15A of the General Statutes is amended by adding a new section to read:
"§ 15A‑502A.  DNA sample upon arrest.
A DNA sample shall be obtained from any person arrested for an offense designated under G.S. 15A‑266.3A, in accordance with the provisions contained in Article 13 of Chapter 15A of the General Statutes."
SECTION 10.  G.S. 15A‑1382 reads as rewritten:
"§ 15A‑1382.  Reports of disposition; fingerprints and DNA samples.
(a)	When the defendant is fingerprinted pursuant to G.S. 15A‑502 prior to the disposition of the case, a report of the disposition of the charges shall be made to the State Bureau of Investigation on a form supplied by the State Bureau of Investigation within 60 days following disposition.
(b)	When a defendant is found guilty of any felony, regardless of the class of felony, a report of the disposition of the charges shall be made to the State Bureau of Investigation on a form supplied by the State Bureau of Investigation within 60 days following disposition. If a convicted felon was not fingerprinted pursuant to G.S. 15A‑502 prior to the disposition of the case, his fingerprints shall be taken and submitted to the State Bureau of Investigation along with the report of the disposition of the charges on forms supplied by the State Bureau of Investigation.
(c)	When a defendant has provided a DNA sample pursuant to G.S. 15A‑502A and G.S. 15A‑266.3A, a determination shall be made whether the disposition of the charges requires that a verification form be completed and transmitted to the SBI, pursuant to G.S. 15A‑266.3A(f)."
SECTION 11.  G.S. 7B‑2201 reads as rewritten:
"§ 7B‑2201.  Fingerprinting and DNA sample from juvenile transferred to superior court.
(a)	When jurisdiction over a juvenile is transferred to the superior court, the juvenile shall be fingerprinted and the juvenile's fingerprints shall be sent to the State Bureau of Investigation.
(b)	When jurisdiction over a juvenile is transferred to the superior court, a DNA sample shall be taken from the juvenile if the offenses are included in the provisions of G.S. 15A‑266.3A."
SECTION 12.  G.S. 7A‑304(a) reads as rewritten:
"(a)	In every criminal case in the superior or district court, wherein the defendant is convicted, or enters a plea of guilty or nolo contendere, or when costs are assessed against the prosecuting witness, the following costs shall be assessed and collected, except that when the judgment imposes an active prison sentence, costs shall be assessed and collected only when the judgment specifically so provides, and that no costs may be assessed when a case is dismissed.
…
(9)	For the support and services of the State Bureau of Investigation DNA Database and DNA Databank, a tax of two dollars ($2.00), to be remitted to the State Treasurer. Notwithstanding the provisions in subsection (e) of this section, this tax shall not apply to infractions."
SECTION 12.1.  Any additional costs needed for the implementation of this act, which are not specifically provided by the provisions of this act, shall be provided by the Department of Justice from funds appropriated to the Department. The Department of Justice shall pursue and apply for funds to supplement any amounts needed to implement this act from grants, the federal government, or any other available sources.
SECTION 13.  Section 12 of this act becomes effective October 1, 2010, and applies to taxes imposed or collected on or after that date, except that in misdemeanor cases disposed of on or after that date by written appearance, waiver of trial or hearing, and plea of guilt or admission of responsibility pursuant to G.S. 7A‑180(4) or G.S. 7A‑273(2) in which the citation or other criminal process was issued before that date, the cost shall be the lesser of the cost specified in G.S. 7A‑304(a), as amended by this act, or the cost specified in the notice portion of the defendant's or respondent's copy of the citation or other criminal process, if any costs are specified in that notice. The remainder of this act becomes effective December 1, 2010.