A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
AN ACT to make more specific when an individual becomes a "candidate" for campaign finance law and to define and provide for disclosure of funding for "candidacy exploration;" to use different terminology in the legal defense funds statute; and to require that a treasurer for a north carolina campaign be a north carolina resident.
The General Assembly of North Carolina enacts:
SECTION 1.(a)  G.S. 163‑278.6(4) reads as rewritten:
"(4)	The term "candidate" means any individual who, with respect to a public office listed in G.S. 163‑278.6(18), has taken positive action for the purpose of bringing about that individual's nomination or election to public office. Examples of positive action include:
a.	Filing a notice of candidacy or a petition requesting to be a candidate, 
b.	Being certified as a nominee of a political party for a vacancy,
c.	Otherwise qualifying as a candidate in a manner authorized by law, 
d.	Making a public announcement of a definite intent to run for public office in a particular election, or
e.	Receiving funds or making payments or giving the consent for anyone else to receive funds or transfer anything of value for the purpose of bringing about that individual's nomination or election to office. Transferring anything of value includes incurring an obligation to transfer anything of value.
Status as a candidate for the purpose of this Article continues if the individual is receiving contributions to repay loans or cover a deficit or is making expenditures to satisfy obligations from an election already held. Special definitions of "candidate" and "candidate campaign committee" that apply only in Part 1A of this Article are set forth in G.S. 163‑278.38Z."
SECTION 1.(b)  G.S. 163‑278.6 is amended by adding a new subdivision to read:
"(4a)	The term "candidacy exploration" means actions taken by an individual to explore the feasibility of becoming a candidate prior to taking positive action for the purpose of bringing about that individual's nomination or election to public office."
SECTION 1.(c) Article 22A of Chapter 163 of the General Statutes is amended by adding a new section to read:
"§ 163‑278.7B.  Candidacy exploration.
(a)	Recordkeeping. – An individual who engages in candidacy exploration shall keep records of all funds received and expended for that purpose, and shall retain those records for a minimum of two years.
(b)	Reporting. – An individual without an active candidate campaign committee who, subsequent to candidacy exploration, becomes a candidate shall include as a part of the organizational report submitted pursuant to G.S. 163‑278.9(a)(1) a report of all funds received and expended for the purpose of candidacy exploration. An individual with an active candidate campaign committee who engages in candidacy exploration shall include a report of all funds received and expended for the purpose of candidacy exploration with reports required pursuant to G.S. 163‑278.9."
SECTION 2.(a)  G.S. 163‑278.300 reads as rewritten:
"§ 163‑278.300.  Definitions.
As used in this Article, the following terms mean:
(1)	Board. The State Board of Elections.
(2)	Legal expense donation. –A payment that has the characteristics of a contribution as defined in G.S. 163‑278.6, except that it may be used only as provided in G.S. 163‑278.320. The term "legal expense donation" does not include either of the following:
a.	The provision of legal services to an elected officer by the State or any of its political subdivisions when those services are authorized or required by law or
b.	The provision of free or pro bono legal advice or legal services, provided that any costs incurred or expenses advanced for which clients are liable under other provisions of law shall be deemed legal expense donations.
(3)	Elected officer. – Any individual serving in or seeking a public office. An individual is seeking a public office when that individual has filed any notice, petition, or other document required by law or local act as a condition of election to public office. An individual continues to be an elected officer for purposes of this Article as long as a legal action commenced while the individual was an elected officer continues. If a legal action is commenced after an individual ceases to serve in or seek public office but the legal action concerns subject matter in the individual's official capacity as an elected officer, for purposes of this Article, that individual is an elected officer as long as that legal action continues.
(4)	Expenditure. – A payment that has the characteristics of an expenditure as defined in G.S. 163‑278.6, except that it may only be used as provided in G.S. 163‑278.320.
(5)	Legal action. – A formal dispute in a judicial, legislative, or administrative forum, including but not limited to, a civil or criminal action filed in a court, a complaint or protest filed with a board of elections, an election contest filed under Article 3 of Chapter 120 of the General Statutes or G.S. 163‑182.13A, or a complaint filed with the State Ethics Commission or Legislative Ethics Committee. The term "legal action" also includes investigations made or conducted before the commencement of any formal proceedings. The term "legal action" does not include the election itself or the campaign for election.
(6)	Legal expense fund. – Any collection of money for the purpose of funding a legal action, or a potential legal action, taken by or against an elected officer in that elected officer's official capacity.
(7)	Official capacity. – Related to or resulting from the campaign for public office or related to or resulting from holding public office. "Official capacity" is not limited to "scope and course of employment" as used in G.S. 143‑300.3.
(8)	Public office. – As defined in G.S. 163‑278.6.
(9)	Treasurer. – An individual appointed by an elected officer or other individual or group of individuals collecting money for a legal expense fund."
SECTION 2.(b)  G.S. 163‑278.301 reads as rewritten:
"§ 163‑278.301.  Creation of legal expense funds.
(a)	An elected officer, or another individual or group of individuals on the elected officer's behalf, shall create a legal expense fund if given a legal expense donation, other than from that elected officer's self, spouse, parents, brothers, or sisters, for any of the following purposes:
(1)	To fund an existing legal action taken by or against the elected officer in that elected officer's official capacity.
(2)	To fund a potential legal action taken by or against an elected officer in that elected officer's official capacity.
(b)	This section shall not apply to any payment to the State or any of its political subdivisions.
(c)	The legal expense fund shall comply with all provisions of this Article.
(d)	If an elected officer funds legal actions entirely from that elected officer's own legal expense donations or those of the elected officer's spouse, parents, brothers, or sisters, that elected officer is not required to create a legal expense fund. If a legal expense fund accepts legal expense donations as described in subsection (a) of this section, that legal expense fund shall report the elected officer's own legal expense donations and those of those family members along with the other legal expense donations in accordance with G.S. 163‑278.310.
(e)	No more than one legal expense fund shall be created by or for an elected officer for the same legal action. Legal actions arising out of the same set of transactions and occurrences are deemed the same legal action for purposes of this subsection. A legal expense fund created for one legal action or potential legal action may be kept open by or on behalf of the elected officer for subsequent legal actions or potential legal actions.
(f)	Contractual arrangements, including liability insurance, or commercial relationships or arrangements made in the normal course of business if not made for the purpose of lobbying, are not legal expense donations for purposes of this Article. Use of such contractual arrangements to fund legal actions does not by itself require the elected officer to create a legal expense fund. If a legal expense fund has been created pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, such contractual arrangements shall be reported as expenditures.
(g)	A violation of this Article shall be punishable as a Class 1 misdemeanor."
SECTION 2.(c)  G.S. 163‑278.307 reads as rewritten:
"§ 163‑278.307.  Detailed accounts to be kept by treasurer.
(a)	The treasurer of each legal expense fund shall keep detailed accounts, current within seven calendar days after the date of receiving a legal expense donation or making an expenditure, of all legal expense donations received and all expenditures made by or on behalf of the legal expense fund.
(b)	Accounts kept by the treasurer of a legal expense fund or the accounts of a treasurer or legal expense fund at any bank or other depository may be inspected by a member, designee, agent, attorney, or employee of the Board who is making an investigation pursuant to G.S. 163‑278.22.
(c)	For purposes of this section, "detailed accounts" shall mean at least all information required to be included in the quarterly report required under this Article.
(d)	When a treasurer shows that best efforts have been used to obtain, maintain, and submit the information required by this Article, any report of the legal expense shall be considered in compliance with this Article and shall not be the basis for criminal prosecution or the imposition of civil penalties. The State Board of Elections shall adopt rules to implement this subsection."
SECTION 2.(d)  G.S. 163‑278.308 reads as rewritten:
"§ 163‑278.308.  Reports filed with Board.
(a)	The treasurer of each legal expense fund shall file with the Board the following reports:
(1)	Organizational report. – The report required under G.S. 163‑278.309.
(2)	Quarterly report. – The report required under G.S. 163‑278.310.
(b)	Any report or attachment required by this Article must be filed under certification of the treasurer as true and correct to the best of the knowledge of that officer.
(c)	The organizational report shall be filed within 10 calendar days of the creation of the legal expense fund. All quarterly reports shall be filed with the Board no later than 10 business days after the end of each calendar quarter.
(d)	Treasurers shall electronically file each report required by this section that shows a cumulative total for the quarter in excess of five thousand dollars ($5,000) in legal expense donations or expenditures, according to rules adopted by the Board. The Board shall provide the software necessary to the treasurer to file the required electronic report at no cost to the legal expense fund.
(e)	Any statement required to be filed under this Article shall be signed and certified as true and correct by the treasurer and shall be certified as true and correct to the best of the treasurer's knowledge. The elected officer creating the legal expense fund, or the other individual or group of individuals creating the legal expense fund on the elected officer's behalf, shall certify as true and correct to the best of their knowledge the organizational report and appointment of the treasurer. A certification under this Article shall be treated as under oath, and any individual making a certification under this Article knowing the information to be untrue is guilty of a Class I felony."
SECTION 2.(e)  G.S. 163‑278.310 reads as rewritten:
"§ 163‑278.310.  Quarterly report.
The treasurer of each legal expense fund shall be required to file a quarterly report with the Board containing all of the following:
(1)	Legal expense donations. – The name and complete mailing address of each donor, the amount of the legal expense donation, the principal occupation of the donor, and the date the legal expense donation was received. The total sum of all legal expense donations to date shall also be plainly exhibited. The treasurer is not required to report the name of any donor making a total legal expense donation of fifty dollars ($50.00) or less in a calendar quarter, but shall instead report the fact that the treasurer has received a total legal expense donation of fifty dollars ($50.00) or less, the amount of the legal expense donation, and the date of receipt.
(2)	Expenditures. – A list of all expenditures made by or on behalf of the legal expense fund. The report shall list the name and complete mailing address of each payee, the amount paid, the purpose, and the date such payment was made. The total sum of all expenditures to date shall also be plainly exhibited. The payee shall be the entity to whom the legal expense fund is obligated to make the expenditure. If the expenditure is to a financial institution for revolving credit or a reimbursement for a payment to a financial institution for revolving credit, the statement shall also include a specific itemization of the goods and services purchased with the revolving credit. If the obligation is for more than one good or service, the statement shall include a specific itemization of the obligation so as to provide a reasonable understanding of the obligation.
(3)	Loans. – All proceeds from loans shall be recorded separately with a detailed analysis reflecting the amount of the loan, the source, the period, the rate of interest, and the security pledged, if any, and all makers and endorsers."
SECTION 2.(f)  G.S. 163‑278.316 reads as rewritten:
"§ 163‑278.316.  Limitations on legal expense donation.
(a)	No entity shall make, and no treasurer shall accept, any monetary legal expense donation in excess of fifty dollars ($50.00) unless such legal expense donation is in the form of a check, draft, money order, credit card charge, debit, or other noncash method that can be subject to written verification. No legal expense donation in the form of check, draft, money order, credit card charge, debit, or other noncash method may be made or accepted unless it contains a specific designation of the intended donee chosen by the donor.
(b)	The State Board of Elections may adopt rules as to the reporting and verification of any method of legal expense donation payment allowed under this Article. For legal expense donation by money order, the State Board shall adopt rules to ensure an audit trail for every legal expense donation so that the identity of the donor can be determined.
(c)	For any legal expense donation made by credit card, the credit card account number of a donor is not a public record.
(d)	No legal expense fund shall accept legal expense donations from a corporation, labor union, insurance company, professional association, or business entity in excess of four thousand dollars ($4,000) per calendar year. No legal expense fund shall accept legal expense donations from a corporation which when totaled with legal expense donations to the same legal expense fund for the same calendar year from any affiliated corporation exceed the per calendar year legal expense donation limits for that legal expense fund. No legal expense fund shall accept legal expense donations from a labor union which when totaled with legal expense donations to the same legal expense fund for the same calendar year from any affiliated labor union exceed the per calendar year legal expense donation limits for that legal expense fund. No legal expense fund shall accept legal expense donations from an insurance company which when totaled with legal expense donations to the same legal expense fund for the same calendar year from any affiliated insurance company exceed the per calendar year legal expense donation limits for that legal expense fund. No legal expense fund shall accept legal expense donations from a professional association which when totaled with legal expense donations to the same legal expense fund for the same calendar year from any affiliated professional association exceed the per calendar year legal expense donation limits for that legal expense fund. No legal expense fund shall accept legal expense donations from a business entity which when totaled with legal expense donations to the same legal expense fund for the same calendar year from any affiliated business entity exceed the per calendar year legal expense donation limits for that legal expense fund. The definitions of corporation, labor union, insurance company, professional association, and business entity are the same as those in G.S. 163‑278.6. This subsection does not apply to political committees created pursuant to G.S. 163‑278.19(b), except that no legal expense fund shall accept a legal expense donation which would be a violation of G.S. 163‑278.13B if accepted by a candidate or political committee. This subsection does not apply to corporations permitted to make legal expense donations in G.S. 163‑278.19(f).
(e)	No entity shall make a contribution to a legal expense fund that the legal expense fund could not accept under subsection (d) of this section."
SECTION 2.(g)  G.S. 163‑278.320 reads as rewritten:
"§ 163‑278.320.  Permitted uses of legal expense funds.
(a)	A legal expense fund may be used for reasonable expenses actually incurred by the elected officer in relation to a legal action or potential legal action brought by or against the elected officer in that elected officer's official capacity. The elected officer's campaign itself shall not be funded from a legal expense fund.
(b)	Upon closing a legal expense account, the treasurer shall distribute the remaining monies in the legal expense fund to any of the following:
(1)	The Indigent Persons' Attorney Fee Fund under Article 36 of Chapter 7A of the General Statutes.
(2)	The North Carolina State Bar for the provision of civil legal services for indigents.
(3)	Payments to an organization described in section 170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. § 170(c)), provided that the candidate or the candidate's spouse, children, parents, brothers, or sisters are not employed by the organization.
(4)	To return all or a portion of a legal expense donation to the donor.
(5)	Payment to the Escheat Fund established by Chapter 116B of the General Statutes."
SECTION 3.  G.S. 163‑278.7 reads as rewritten:
"(a)	Each candidate, political committee, and referendum committee shall appoint a treasurer and, under verification, report the name and address of the treasurer to the Board. A candidate may appoint himself or any other individual who resides in North Carolina, including any relative except his spouse, as treasurer, and, upon failure to file report designating a treasurer, the candidate shall be concluded to have appointed himself as treasurer and shall be required to personally fulfill the duties and responsibilities imposed upon the appointed treasurer and subject to the penalties and sanctions hereinafter provided."
SECTION 4.  This act becomes effective December 1, 2009.