A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
AN ACT to protect public health and the environment by ENCOURAGing counties to develop plans that provide for the deconstruction of ABANDONED MANUFACTURED homes and the removal of reusable or recyclable components, by providing for the abatement of abandoned manufactured homes that are determined to be a nuisance, and by imposing an environmental remediation tax on the sale of new and used manufactured homes to ensure that funds will be available for the deconstruction of abandoned manufactured homes.
The General Assembly of North Carolina enacts:
SECTION 1.  Article 9 of Chapter 130A of the General Statutes is amended by adding a new Part to read:
"Part 2E. Management of Abandoned Manufactured Homes.
"§ 130A‑309.90.  Findings; purpose.
(a)	The General Assembly finds that:
(1)	The number of manufactured homes in North Carolina has risen dramatically as land has become scarce and the housing market has become more expensive.
(2)	Manufactured homes may be difficult and expensive to repair when they begin to deteriorate. Often consumers simply buy another manufactured home unit rather than refurbish a manufactured home that needs repair.
(3)	According to data obtained through the 2000 United States Census, there are more than 80,000 vacant manufactured homes in North Carolina, of which 40,000 are estimated to be permanently untended or in need of extensive repair.
(4)	Abandoned manufactured homes create public health and environmental problems and are a visual blight on the landscape of North Carolina. Further, an abandoned manufactured home poses a fire hazard, a safety hazard to unsupervised children, and is a potential source of toxic or hazardous materials that may escape into the environment. As a result, abandoned manufactured homes constitute a nuisance.
(5)	Most landfills will not accept intact manufactured homes due to their bulky nature. In those instances where landfills do accept intact manufactured homes for disposal, the cost of disposal can be prohibitive for many manufactured homeowners. Landfill disposal costs include tipping fees, the costs of transporting the obsolete structures to the landfill, and the costs of removing any hazardous materials, such as asbestos and other harmful chemicals.
(6)	Many components of manufactured homes can be reused or recycled, including windows, screens, doors, copper tubing, copper wiring, aluminum, tin, steel, lumber, steel frames, pipes, countertops, cabinets, and other appliances and fixtures. It is estimated that twenty‑six percent (26%) to thirty‑eight percent (38%) of the components of a manufactured home can be reused or recycled without extensive manual labor.
(7)	It is desirable to allow units of local government to manage the disposal of abandoned manufactured homes for themselves and to encourage regional approaches to the deconstruction of abandoned manufactured homes, the removal of components from abandoned manufactured homes that are reusable or recyclable, and the proper disposal of the remainder.
(8)	It is in the State's best interest to encourage the reduction of the volume of intact manufactured homes being disposed of at public sanitary landfills, to encourage the deconstruction of abandoned manufactured homes, the removal of components from abandoned manufactured homes that are reusable or recyclable, and to encourage the proper disposal of the remainder.
(b)	The purpose of this Part is to provide units of local government with the authority, funding, and guidance needed to provide for the efficient and proper identification, deconstruction, recycling, and disposal of abandoned manufactured homes in this State.
"§ 130A‑309.91.  Definitions.
The following definitions apply to this Part:
(1)	'Abandoned manufactured home' means a manufactured home that is both:
a.	Vacant or in need of extensive repair.
b.	An unreasonable danger to public health, safety, welfare, or the environment.
(2)	'Account' means the Manufactured Homes Management Account established pursuant to G.S. 130A‑309.94.
(3)	'Intact' when used in connection with 'abandoned manufactured home' means an abandoned manufactured home from which the wheels and axels, white goods, and recyclable materials have not been removed.
(4)	'Manufactured home' is defined in G.S. 105‑187.60.
(5)	'Responsible party' means any person or entity that possesses an ownership interest in an abandoned manufactured home.
"§ 130A‑309.92.  Management of abandoned manufactured homes.
(a)	Plan. – Each county shall consider whether to implement a program for the management of abandoned manufactured homes. If, after consideration, the county decides not to implement a program, the county must state in the comprehensive solid waste management plan that it is required to develop under G.S. 130A‑309.09A(b) that the county considered whether to implement a program for the management of abandoned manufactured homes and decided not to do so. A county may, at any time, reconsider its decision not to implement a program for the management of abandoned manufactured homes. If the county decides to implement a program, the county shall develop a written plan for the management of abandoned manufactured homes and include the plan as a component of the comprehensive solid waste management plan it is required to develop under G.S. 130A‑309.09A(b). At a minimum, the plan shall include:
(1)	A method by which the county proposes to identify abandoned manufactured homes in the county, including, without limitation, a process by which a manufactured home owner or other responsible party may request designation of their home as an abandoned manufactured home.
(2)	A plan for the deconstruction of these abandoned manufactured homes.
(3)	A plan for the removal of the components thereof for reuse or recycling, as appropriate.
(4)	A plan for the proper disposal of abandoned manufactured homes that are not deconstructed under subdivision (2) of this subsection.
(b)	Authority to Contract. – A county may contract with another unit of local government or a private entity in accordance with Article 15 of Chapter 153A of the General Statutes to provide for the management of abandoned manufactured homes within the county and the implementation of its plan under subsection (a) of this section.
(c)	Restrictions. – A county or a party that contracted with the county under subsection (b) of this section shall not charge a disposal fee for the disposal of any abandoned manufactured home sold on or after 1 January 2008.
(d)	An intact abandoned manufactured home shall not be disposed of in a landfill.
"§ 130A‑309.93.  Process for the disposal of abandoned manufactured homes.
(a)	If a county adopts and implements a plan for the management of abandoned manufactured homes pursuant to this Part, the county shall notify the responsible party for each identified abandoned manufactured home in the county that the abandoned manufactured home must be properly disposed of by that person within 90 days. The notice shall be in writing and shall be served on the person as provided by Rule 4(j) of the Rules of Civil Procedure, G.S. 1A‑1. The notice shall disclose the basis for the action, and advise that a hearing will be held before a designated public officer at a place within the county in which the manufactured home is located not less than 10 days nor more than 30 days after the serving of the notice; that the responsible party shall be given the right to file an answer to the order and to appear in person, or otherwise, and give testimony at the place and time fixed in the notice; and that the rules of evidence prevailing in courts of law or equity shall not be controlling in hearings before the public officer.
(b)	If, after notice and hearing, the public officer determines that the manufactured home under consideration is abandoned, the officer shall state in writing his findings of fact in support of that determination and the county shall order the person to dispose of the abandoned manufactured home within 90 days of the expiration of this period. If the responsible party fails to comply with this order, the county shall take any action it deems reasonably necessary to dispose of the abandoned manufactured home, including entering the property where the abandoned manufactured home is located and arranging to have the abandoned manufactured home deconstructed and disposed of in a manner consistent with the plan developed under G.S. 130A‑309.92(a). If the responsible party is not the owner of the property on which the abandoned manufactured home is located, the county may order the property owner to permit entry onto the owner's property by an appropriate party to permit the removal and proper disposal of the abandoned manufactured home.
(c)	When a county removes, deconstructs, and disposes of an abandoned manufactured home pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, whether directly or through a party that contracted with the county, the responsible party or the owner of the property on whose land an abandoned manufactured home is located shall be joint and severally liable for the actual costs incurred by the county, directly or indirectly, for its abatement activities and its administrative and legal expenses incurred, less the amount of grants for reimbursement received by the county under G.S. 130A‑309.94(c) for the disposal activities for that manufactured home. The county may initiate a civil action to recover these unpaid costs from the responsible party or the owner of the property on whose land an abandoned manufactured home is located. Nonpayment of any portion of the actual costs incurred by the county shall result in the imposition of a lien on any real property in the county owned by the responsible party, or the owner of the property on whose land the abandoned manufactured home is located.
(d)	This section does not apply to any of the following:
(1)	A retail business premises where manufactured homes are sold.
(2)	A solid waste disposal facility where no more than 10 manufactured homes are stored at one time if all of the manufactured homes received for storage are deconstructed or removed from the facility within one year after receipt.
(e)	This section does not change the existing authority of a county or a municipality to enforce any existing laws or of any person to abate a nuisance.
"§ 130A‑309.94.  Manufactured Homes Management Account.
(a)	The Manufactured Homes Management Account is established within the Department. The Account is nonreverting and consists of revenue credited to the Account from the proceeds of the manufactured home environmental remediation tax imposed by G.S. 105‑187.61. Funds in the Account may be used to:
(1)	Provide grants to counties to reimburse their expenses for activities under this Part.
(2)	Provide technical assistance and support to counties to achieve the purposes of this Part.
(3)	Implement this Part, including costs associated with staffing, training, submitting reports, and fulfilling program goals.
(b)	Each county that requests a reimbursement grant from the Account shall also submit to the Department a proposed budget specifying in detail the expenses it expects to incur in a specified time period in connection with the activities under this Part. The Department shall review each submitted budget and make modifications, if necessary, in light of the availability of funds in the Account, the county's capacity to effectively and efficiently manage the abatement of abandoned manufactured homes, and any other factors that the Department reasonably determines are relevant. When the Department and a county agree on the amount of the county's budget under this subsection, the Department and the county shall execute an agreement that reflects this amount and that specifies the time period covered by the agreement, and the Department shall reserve funds for the county in the amount necessary to reimburse allowable costs. The amount of a reimbursement grant shall be calculated in accordance with subsections (c) and (d) of this section. A county shall not receive a reimbursement grant unless it has filed all the annual reports it is required to submit under G.S. 130A‑309.96.
(c)	Reimbursement grants from the Account shall be made in accordance with the terms of the grant agreement developed pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, but in any event, all reimbursements shall be calculated on a per unit basis and based on the actual cost of such activities, not to exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000) for each unit. For a county designated as a development tier one or two area pursuant to G.S. 143B‑437.08 where the costs associated with the disposition of an abandoned manufactured home in a manner consistent with this part exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000) per unit, a county may request a supplemental grant in an amount equal to fifty percent (50%) of the amount in excess of one thousand dollars ($1,000). The Department shall consider the efficiency and effectiveness of the county program in making the supplemental grant, and the county participation must be a cash match.
(d)	A county shall use reimbursement grant funds only for operating expenses that are directly related to the management of abandoned manufactured homes. If an operating expense is partially related to the management of abandoned manufactured homes, a county may use the reimbursement grant funds to finance the percentage of the cost that equals the percentage of the expense that is directly related to the management of abandoned manufactured homes.
"§ 130A‑309.95.  Authority to adopt ordinances.
A county, or a unit of local government that is delegated authority to do so by the county, may adopt ordinances it deems necessary in order to implement this Part.
"§ 130A‑309.96.  Reporting on the management of abandoned manufactured homes.
(a)	On or before 1 August of each year, any county that receives a reimbursement grant under G.S. 130A‑309.94 shall submit a report to the Department that includes all of the following information:
(1)	The number of units and approximate tonnage of abandoned manufactured homes removed, deconstructed, recycled, and disposed of during the previous fiscal year.
(2)	A detailed statement of the county's abandoned manufactured homes account receipts and disbursements during the previous fiscal year that sets out the source of all receipts and the purpose of all disbursements.
(3)	The obligated and unobligated balances in the county's abandoned manufactured homes account at the end of the fiscal year.
(4)	An assessment of the county's progress in removing, deconstructing, recycling, and disposing of abandoned manufactured homes consistent with this Part.(b)	The Department shall include in its annual report to the Environmental Review Commission under G.S. 130A‑309.06(c) a description of the management of abandoned manufactured homes in the State for the fiscal year ending the preceding 30 June. The description of the management of abandoned manufactured homes shall include all of the following information:
(1)	The amount of taxes collected and distributed under G.S. 105‑187.64 during the reporting period.
(2)	The cost to each county of managing its abandoned manufactured home program during the reporting period.
(3)	The beginning and ending balances of the Account for the reporting period and a list of grants made from the Account for the period, itemized by county.
(4)	A summary of the information contained in the reports submitted by counties pursuant to subsection (a) of this section.
(5)	Any other information the Department considers helpful in understanding the problem of managing abandoned manufactured homes in the State.
"§ 130A‑309.97.  Effect on local ordinances.
This Part shall not be construed to limit the authority of counties under Article 18 of Chapter 153A of the General Statutes or the authority of cities under Article 19 of Chapter 160A of the General Statutes."
SECTION 2.  G.S. 130A‑309.06(c) is amended by adding a new subdivision to read:
"(14)	A description of the activities related to the management of abandoned manufactured homes in the State in accordance with G.S. 130A‑309.96, the beginning and ending balances in the Manufactured Homes Management Account for the reporting period, the amount credited to the Manufactured Homes Management Account during the reporting period, and the amount of revenue used, itemized by county, for grants made under Part 2E of Article 9 of Chapter 130A of the General Statutes."
SECTION 3.  G.S. 130A‑309.09A(b) is amended by adding a new subdivision to read:
"(9)	Include as a component a written plan for the management of abandoned manufactured homes as required under G.S. 130A‑309.92(a)."
SECTION 4.  Chapter 105 of the General Statutes is amended by adding a new Article to read:
"Article 5G.
"Manufactured Home Environmental Remediation Tax.
"§ 105‑187.60.  Definitions.
The definitions in G.S. 105‑164.3 apply to this Article, except that the term 'sale' does not include lease or rental. 'Manufactured home' is defined in G.S. 105‑164.3(20). Manufactured home also means any structure that otherwise satisfies the definition in G.S. 105‑164.3(20) but that, although designed for use as a dwelling, is in fact used for commercial or other nonresidential purposes, and that may or may not be placed on a permanent foundation at the time of sale.
"§ 105‑187.61.  Tax imposed.
(a)	A privilege tax is imposed on a manufactured home retailer at a flat rate for each new manufactured home sold by the retailer and for each used manufactured home sold by the retailer. An excise tax is imposed on each new manufactured home and on each used manufactured home purchased outside the State for storage, use, or consumption in this State. These taxes are in addition to all other taxes. The rate of the privilege tax and the excise tax is as follows:
(1)	For each new or used singlewide manufactured home, three hundred dollars ($300.00).
(2)	For each new or used multi‑section manufactured home, three hundred dollars ($300.00) for each section of the manufactured home.
(b)	The tax imposed by this Article shall only be paid once on each manufactured home throughout the useful life of the manufactured home.
"§ 105‑187.62.  Administration.
(a)	The privilege tax this Article imposes on a manufactured home retailer who sells new or used manufactured homes at retail is an additional State sales tax, and the excise tax this Article imposes on the storage, use, or consumption of a new or used manufactured home in this State is an additional State use tax. Except as otherwise provided in this Article, these taxes shall be collected and administered in the same manner as the State sales and use taxes imposed by Article 5 of this Chapter. As under Article 5 of this Chapter, the additional State sales tax paid when a new or used manufactured home is sold is a credit against the additional State use tax imposed on the storage, use, or consumption of the same manufactured home.
(b)	The Secretary shall maintain a record of all manufactured homes on which the Manufactured Home Environmental Remediation Tax has been paid, listed by serial number.
"§ 105‑187.63.  Exemptions.
The exemptions in G.S. 105‑164.13 and the refunds allowed in G.S. 105‑164.14 do not apply to the taxes imposed by this Article.
"§ 105‑187.64.  Use of tax proceeds.
(a)	The Secretary shall distribute the taxes collected under this Article, less the Department of Revenue's allowance for cost of collecting the taxes, in accordance with this section. The Secretary may retain the Department of Revenue's cost of collection, not to exceed one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000), as reimbursement to the Department of Revenue.
(b)	Each quarter, the Secretary shall credit the net tax proceeds to the Manufactured Homes Management Account. Funds in the Manufactured Homes Management Account may be used only as provided in G.S. 130A‑309.94.
"§ 105‑187.65.  Proof of payment required to issue permit to occupy manufactured home.
(a)	Retailers of manufactured homes shall provide proof of payment of all taxes due to be paid on a transaction under G.S. 105‑187.61 at the time of sale. The proof of payment shall include the name and address of the retailer; the name and address of the owner; the make, model, size, and serial number of the manufactured home; the amount of sale; and the amount of tax due to be paid on the transaction.
(b)	In lieu of proof of payment from the retailer pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, a person may obtain a record of payment from information maintained by the Secretary, or a person may pay the amount due to be paid on a transaction under G.S. 105‑187.61 to the office of the tax collector for the county in which the manufactured home is to be located. The tax collector shall provide proof of payment to the person making payment. The tax collector shall promptly remit such payments to the Department of Revenue with relevant information concerning the transaction, including: the name and address of the retailer; the name and address of the owner; the make, model, size, and serial number of the manufactured home; the amount of sale; and the amount of tax paid.
(c)	The tax collector may retain the county's cost of collection, not to exceed one percent (1%), of the Manufactured Home Environmental Remediation Tax collected by the county, as reimbursement to the county.
(d)	The local government having jurisdiction shall not issue any permit to allow occupancy of a manufactured home subject to the tax imposed by this section without proof of payment pursuant to subsections (a) and (b) of this section from the owner of the manufactured home."
SECTION 5.  The Department of Environment and Natural Resources may use up to fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) in the Manufactured Homes Management Account, as established in Section 1 of this act, during each calendar year for the following purposes:
(1)	Training and program development across the State.
(2)	Identification of qualified contractors.
(3)	Dissemination of best deconstruction practices.
SECTION 6.  A county designated as a development tier one or two area pursuant to G.S. 143B‑437.08 may, upon resolution by the Board of Commissioners of their intent to (i) develop a plan for the management of abandoned manufactured homes and (ii) implement the plan once developed, request a planning grant of up to two thousand five hundred dollars ($2,500) from the Manufactured Homes Management Account, established by G.S. 130A-309.94, as enacted by Section 1 of this act. These funds shall be used by the county to prepare a plan as provided in G.S. 130A-309.92, as enacted by Section 1 of this act, and to identify abandoned manufactured homes.
SECTION 7.  This act becomes effective 1 October 2008 and expires 1 October 2020.  Section 4 of this act applies to sales of new or used manufactured homes made on or after the effective date.